Nearctic States & Provinces: AB MN
Collection Locales Mapped by Year Collected:
The Nearctic Spider Database, http://www.canadianarachnology.org/data/spiders/8606
Theridion pictum (Walckenaer, 1802)
FAMILY: THERIDIIDAE Sundevall, 1833
Genus: Theridion Walckenaer, 1805
Species: Theridion pictum (Walckenaer, 1802)
Common Names
Family Common Name:
cobweb weavers
Genus Common Name:
none
Species Common Name:
none
Distribution
Global Distribution: Holarctic
Nearctic States & Provinces:
AB MN
Collection Locales Mapped by Year Collected:
Natural History, Phenology & Image(s)
Feeding Guild:‡
space web builders
‡Feeding guild when noted defined by Uetz, G. W., J. Halaj, and A. B. Cady. 1999. Guild structure of spiders in major crops. Journal of Arachnology 27:270-280.
Recorded Habitats:
(not yet recorded or unknown)
Life & Natural History:
(not yet recorded or unknown)
Seasonality of Specimen Records:
Image(s) of Habitus:
(images not yet available)
Details About Males
Description:
(not yet recorded or unknown)
Image of External Male Genitalia:
(image not yet available)
Details About Females
Description:
(not yet recorded or unknown)
Image of Epigynum:
(image not yet available)
Synonyms and Chresonyms†
| Aranea picta Walckenaer 1802 |
| Theridion pictum Walckenaer 1802 |
| Theridion pictum Walckenaer 1805 |
| Theridion ornatum Hahn 1831 |
| Theridion pictum Hahn 1833 |
| Steatoda picta C. L. Koch 1837 |
| Theridion pictum C. L. Koch 1845 |
| Theridion pictum Blackwall 1864 |
| Steatoda picta Menge 1868 |
| Theridion zelotypum Emerton 1882 |
| Theridion zelotypum Keyserling 1884 |
| Theridion pictum Chyzer & Kulczynski 1894 |
| Theridion pictum Becker 1896 |
| Theridion pictum Bösenberg 1902 |
| Theridion zelotypum Emerton 1909 |
| Theridion pictum Wiehle 1937 |
| Theridion zelotypum Gertsch & Archer 1942 |
| Allotheridion ornatum Archer 1950 |
| Allotheridion pictum Archer 1950 |
| Allotheridion zelotypum Archer 1950 |
| Theridion zelotypum Levi 1951 |
| Theridion pictum Locket & Millidge 1953 |
| Allotheridion zelotypum Levi & Field 1954 |
| Theridion ornatum Levi 1957 |
| Theridion pictum Yaginuma 1960 |
| Theridion pictum Levi & Levi 1962 |
| Theridion pictum Azheganova 1968 |
| Theridion pictum Miller 1971 |
| Theridion pictum Tyschchenko 1971 |
| Theridion pictum Yaginuma 1971 |
| Theridion pictum Palmgren 1974 |
| Theridion pictum Levi & Randolph 1975 |
| Theridion ornatum Kaston 1977 |
| Theridion pictum Roth 1982 |
| Theridion pictum Roberts 1985 |
| Theridion pictum Roth 1985 |
| Theridion pictum Yaginuma 1986 |
| Theridion pictum Chikuni 1989 |
| Theridion pictum Izmailova 1989 |
| Theridion pictum Heimer & Nentwig 1991 |
| Theridion pictum Blick, Sammorey & Martin 1993 |
| Theridion pictum Bosmans, Vanuytven & Van Keer 1994 |
| Theridion pictum Roth 1994 |
| Theridion pictum Roberts 1995 |
| Theridion pictum Mcheidze 1997 |
| Theridion pictum Knoflach 1998 |
| Theridion pictum Roberts 1998 |
| Theridion pictum Hu 2001 |
| Theridion pictum Yoshida 2001 |
| Theridion pictum Paquin & Dupérré 2003 |
| Theridion pictum Yoshida 2003 |
| Theridion pictum Agnarsson 2004 |
| Theridion pictum Almquist 2005 |
Taxonomic References†
Agnarsson, I. 2004. Morphological phylogeny of cobweb spiders and their relatives (Araneae, Araneoidea, Theridiidae). Zool. J. Linnean Soc. 141: 447-626.
Almquist, S. 2005. Swedish Araneae, part 1: families Atypidae to Hahniidae (Linyphiidae excluded). Insect Syst. Ecol., Suppl. 62: 1-284.
Archer, A. F. 1950. A study of theridiid and mimetid spiders with descriptions of new genera and species. Mus. Pap. Ala Mus. nat. Hist. 30: 1-40.
Azheganova, N. S. 1968. Kratkii opredelitel' paukov (Aranei) lesnoi i lesostepnoi zony SSSR. Akademia Nauk SSSR, pp. 1-149.
Becker, L. 1896. Les arachnides de Belgique. Ann. Mus. Roy. Hist. nat. Belg. 12: 1-3788.
Blackwall, J. 1864. A history of the spiders of Great Britain and Ireland. London, Ray Society, 2: 175-384.
Blick, T., T. Sammorey & D. Martin. 1993. Spinnenaufsammlungen im NSG "Grosser Schwerin mit Steinhorn" (Mecklenburg-Vorpommern), mit Anmerkungen zu Tetragnatha reimoseri (syn. Eucta kaestneri), Theridion hemerobius und Philodromus praedatus (Araneae). Arachnol. Mitt. 6: 26-33.
Bösenberg, W. 1902. Die Spinnen Deutschlands. II-IV. Zoologica (Stuttgart) 14: 97-384.
Bosmans, R., H. Vanuytven & J. Van Keer. 1994. On two poorly known Theridion species, recently collected in Belgium for the first time (Araneae: Theridiidae). Bull. Br. arachnol. Soc. 9: 236-240.
Chikuni, Y. 1989. Pictorial Encyclopedia of Spiders in Japan. Kaisei-sha Publ. Co., Tokyo, 310 pp.
Chyzer, C. & W. Kulczynski. 1894. Araneae Hungariae. Budapest, 2: 1-151.
Emerton, J. H. 1909. Supplement to the New England Spiders. Trans. Connect. Acad. Arts Sci. 14: 171-236.
Emerton, J. H. 1882. New England spiders of the family Theridiidae. Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts Sci. 6: 1-86.
Gertsch, W. J. & A. F. Archer. 1942. Descriptions of new American Theridiidae. Am. Mus. Novit. 1171: 1-16.
Hahn, C. W. 1833. Die Arachniden. Nürnberg, Erster Band, pp. 77-129; Zweite Band, pp. 1-16.
Hahn, C. W. 1831. Monographie der Spinnen. Nürnberg, Heft 6, 1 p., 4 pls.
Heimer, S. & W. Nentwig. 1991. Spinnen Mitteleuropas: Ein Bestimmungsbuch. Verlag Paul Parey, Berlin, 543 pp.
Hu, J. L. 2001. Spiders in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of China. Henan Science and Technology Publishing House, 658 pp.
Izmailova, M. V. 1989. [Fauna of Spiders of South Part of Eastern Siberia]. Irkutsk, State Univ. Publ., 184 pp.
Kaston, B. J. 1976. Supplement to the spiders of Connecticut. J. Arachnol. 4: 1-72.
Kaston, B. J. 1948. Spiders of Connecticut. Bull. Conn. St. geol. nat. Hist. Surv. 70: 1-874.
Keyserling, E. 1884. Die Spinnen Amerikas II. Theridiidae. Nürnberg, 1: 1-222.
Knoflach, B. 1998. Mating in Theridion varians Hahn and related species (Araneae: Theridiidae). J. nat. Hist. 32: 545-604.
Koch, C. L. 1845. Die Arachniden. Nürnberg, Zwolfter Band, pp. 1-166.
Koch, C. L. 1837. Übersicht des Arachnidensystems. Nürnberg, Heft 1, pp. 1-39.
Levi, H. W. 1957. The spider genera Enoplognatha, Theridion, and Paidisca in America north of Mexico (Araneae, Theridiidae). Bull. Am. Mus. nat. Hist. 112: 1-124.
Levi, H. W. 1951. New and rare spiders from Wisconsin and adjacent states. Am. Mus. Novit. 1501: 1-41.
Levi, H. W. & D. E. Randolph. 1975. A key and checklist of American spiders of the family Theridiidae north of Mexico (Araneae). J. Arachnol. 3: 31-51.
Levi, H. W. & H. M. Field. 1954. The spiders of Wisconsin. Am. Midl. Nat. 51: 440-467.
Levi, H. W. & L. R. Levi. 1962. The genera of the spider family Theridiidae. Bull. Mus. comp. Zool. Harv. 127: 1-71.
Locket, G. H. & A. F. Millidge. 1953. British spiders. Ray Society, London, 2: 1-449.
Mcheidze, T. S. 1997. [Spiders of Georgia: Systematics, Ecology, Zoogeographic Review]. Tbilisi Univ., 390 pp. (in Georgian).
Menge, A. 1868. Preussische spinnen. II. Abtheilung. Schrift. naturf. Ges. Danzig (N. F.) 2: 153-218.
Miller, F. 1971. Pavouci-Araneida. Klíc zvíreny CSSR 4: 51-306.
Palmgren, P. 1974. Die Spinnenfauna Finnlands und Ostfennoskandiens. V. Theridiinae und Nesticidae. Fauna Fenn. 26: 1-54.
Paquin, P. & N. Dupérré. 2003. Guide d'identification des araignées de Québec. Fabreries, Suppl. 11 1-251.
Roberts, M. J. 1998. Spinnengids. Tirion, Baarn, Netherlands, 397 pp.
Roberts, M. J. 1995. Collins Field Guide: Spiders of Britain & Northern Europe. HarperCollins, London, 383 pp.
Roberts, M. J. 1985. The spiders of Great Britain and Ireland, Volume 1: Atypidae to Theridiosomatidae. Harley Books, Colchester, England.
Roth, V. D. 1994. Spider Genera of North America, with Keys to Families and Genera, and a Guide to Literature, third edition. Am. Arachnol. Soc., Gainesville, 203 pp.
Roth, V. D. 1985. Spider genera of North America. American Arachnological Society, Gainesville, Florida.
Roth, V. D. 1982. Handbook for spider identification. Published by the author, Portal, Arizona.
Tullgren, A. 1949. Bidrag till kännedomen om den svenska spindelfaunan. III. Svenska representanter för familjen Theridiidae. Ent. Tidskr. 70: 33-64.
Tyschchenko, V. P. 1971. Opredelitel' paukov evropejskoj casti SSSR. Leningrad, pp. 1-281.
Walckenaer, C. A. 1805. Tableau des aranéides ou caractères essentiels des tribus, genres, familles et races que renferme le genre Aranea de Linné, avec la désignation des espèces comprises dans chacune de ces divisions. Paris, 88 pp.
Walckenaer, C. A. 1802. Faune parisienne. Insectes. ou Histoire abrégée des insectes de environs de Paris. Paris 2: 187-250.
Wiehle, H. 1937. Spinnentier oder Arachnoidea. VIII. Theridiidae oder Haubennetzspinnen (Kugelspinnen). In Die Tierwelt Deutschlands. Jena, 33(26): 119-222.
Yaginuma, T. 1986. Spiders of Japan in color (new ed.). Hoikusha Publ. Co., Osaka.
Yaginuma, T. 1971. Spiders of Japan in colour (enlarged and revised edition). Hoikusha, Osaka, 197 pp.
Yaginuma, T. 1960. Spiders of Japan in colour. Hoikusha, Osaka, 186 pp.
Yoshida, H. 2003. The spider family Theridiidae (Arachnida: Araneae) from Japan. Arachnological Society of Japan, 224 pp.
Yoshida, H. 2001. A revision of the Japanese genera and species of the subfamily Theridiinae (Araneae: Theridiidae). Acta arachn. Tokyo 50: 157-181.
†Nomenclature and taxonomic references from the World Spider Catalog accessible at http://research.amnh.org/entomology/spiders/catalog/THERIDIIDAE.html
Other Nearctic Members of Genus Theridion Walckenaer, 1805‡‡
T. acutitarse Simon, 1900 ...............Hawaii
T. aeolium Levi, 1963 ...............USA
T. agrifoliae Levi, 1957 ...............USA, Canada
T. albidum Banks, 1895 ...............USA, Canada
T. arizonense Levi, 1957 ...............USA
T. australe Banks, 1899 ...............USA, Mexico, West Indies
T. betteni Wiehle, 1960 ...............Palearctic
T. californicum Banks, 1904 ...............USA, Canada
T. cameronense Levi, 1957 ...............USA, Mexico
T. campestratum Simon, 1900 ...............Hawaii
T. cheimatos Gertsch & Archer, 1942 ...............USA
T. cinctipes Banks, 1898 ...............USA, Mexico
T. cochise Levi, 1963 ...............USA
T. cowlesae Levi, 1957 ...............USA
T. cynicum Gertsch & Mulaik, 1936 ...............USA, Mexico
T. differens Emerton, 1882 ...............USA, Canada
T. dilutum Levi, 1957 ...............USA, Mexico
T. dividuum Gertsch & Archer, 1942 ...............USA
T. dulcineum Gertsch & Archer, 1942 ...............USA
T. ellicottense Dobyns & Bond, 1996 ...............USA
T. familiare O. P.-Cambridge, 1871 ...............Palearctic
T. flavonotatum Becker, 1879 ...............USA, Cuba
T. frondeum Hentz, 1850 ...............USA, Bahama Is.
T. geminipunctum Chamberlin, 1924 ...............USA, Mexico
T. gertschi Levi, 1959 ...............USA, Mexico
T. glaucescens Becker, 1879 ...............USA, Canada
T. goodnightorum Levi, 1957 ...............USA, Mexico
T. grallator Simon, 1900 ...............Hawaii
T. haleakalense Simon, 1900 ...............Hawaii
T. hemerobium Simon, 1914 ...............USA, Canada, Europe
T. hidalgo Levi, 1957 ...............USA, Mexico
T. impressum L. Koch, 1881 ...............Holarctic
T. intritum (Bishop & Crosby, 1926) ...............USA
T. istokpoga Levi, 1957 ...............USA to Panama
T. kauaiense Simon, 1900 ...............Hawaii
T. kawea Levi, 1957 ...............USA, Mexico
T. lawrencei Gertsch & Archer, 1942 ...............USA
T. leechi Gertsch & Archer, 1942 ...............USA, Canada
T. leviorum Gertsch & Riechert, 1976 ...............USA
T. llano Levi, 1957 ...............USA
T. mauiense Simon, 1900 ...............Hawaii
T. melanostictum O. P.-Cambridge, 1876 ...............Mediterranean, Aldabra, China, Japan, USA, Hispaniola
T. melanurum Hahn, 1831 ...............Holarctic, Azores
T. melinum Simon, 1900 ...............Hawaii
T. michelbacheri Levi, 1957 ...............USA
T. montanum Emerton, 1882 ...............USA, Canada, Alaska, Norway, Finland, Russia
T. morulum O. P.-Cambridge, 1898 ...............USA, Mexico
T. murarium Emerton, 1882 ...............North America
T. myersi Levi, 1957 ...............USA, Mexico, Jamaica
T. mystaceum L. Koch, 1870 ...............Palearctic
T. neomexicanum Banks, 1901 ...............USA, Canada
T. neshamini Levi, 1957 ...............USA
T. nigrovariegatum Simon, 1873 ...............Palearctic
T. ohlerti (Thorell, 1870) ...............Holarctic
T. ohlerti lundbecki (Sorensen, 1898) ...............Greenland
T. orlando (Archer, 1950) ...............USA
T. pennsylvanicum Emerton, 1913 ...............USA, Canada
T. perkinsi Simon, 1900 ...............Hawaii
T. petraeum L. Koch, 1872 ...............Holarctic
T. pictipes Keyserling, 1884 ...............USA
T. pinastri L. Koch, 1872 ...............Palearctic
T. positivum Chamberlin, 1924 ...............USA, West Indies to Paraguay
T. posticatum Simon, 1900 ...............Hawaii
T. praetextum Simon, 1900 ...............Hawaii
T. praetextum concolor Simon, 1900 ...............Hawaii
T. punctipes Emerton, 1924 ...............USA, Mexico
T. rabuni Chamberlin & Ivie, 1944 ...............USA, Bahama Is.
T. saanichum Chamberlin & Ivie, 1947 ...............USA, Canada, Alaska
T. sardis Chamberlin & Ivie, 1944 ...............USA
T. sisyphium (Clerck, 1757) ...............Palearctic
T. submissum Gertsch & Davis, 1936 ...............USA, Mexico, Bahama Is., Jamaica
T. timpanogos Levi, 1957 ...............USA
T. transgressum Petrunkevitch, 1911 ...............USA, Mexico
T. varians Hahn, 1833 ...............Holarctic
T. yuma Levi, 1963 ...............USA
‡‡May also include species with Palearctic distribution