Natural History, Phenology & Image(s)
Feeding Guild:‡
space web builders
‡Feeding guild when noted defined by Uetz, G. W., J. Halaj, and A. B. Cady. 1999. Guild structure of spiders in major crops. Journal of Arachnology 27:270-280.
Recorded Habitats:
(not yet recorded or unknown)
Life & Natural History:
(not yet recorded or unknown)
Image(s) of Habitus:
Credit: Nieuwenhuys, Ed
Credit: Sollfors, Stefan
Details About Males
Description:
(not yet recorded or unknown)
Image of External Male Genitalia:
(image not yet available)
Details About Females
Description:
(not yet recorded or unknown)
Image of Epigynum:
(image not yet available)
Synonyms and Chresonyms†
| Aranea bipunctata Linnaeus 1758 |
| Steatoda bipunctata Linnaeus 1758 |
| Aranea quadripunctata Fabricius 1775 |
| Aranea punctata De Geer 1778 |
| Aranea m-album Panzer 1804 |
| Theridion 4-punctatum Walckenaer 1805 |
| Theridion 4-punctatum Hahn 1826 |
| Theridion quadripunctatum Sundevall 1831 |
| Steatoda quadripunctatum Sundevall 1833 |
| Theridion quadripunctatum Hahn 1833 |
| Epeira ancora Krynicki 1837 |
| Phrurolithus ornatus C. L. Koch 1839 |
| Theridion quadrimaculatum Walckenaer 1842 |
| Eucharia bipunctata C. L. Koch 1845 |
| Eucharia quadripunctata Menge 1850 |
| Theridium bipunctata Westring 1861 |
| Theridium quadripunctatum Blackwall 1864 |
| Eucharia bipunctata Menge 1869 |
| Theridium cruciatum Giebel 1869 |
| Steatoda bipunctata Thorell 1870 |
| Steatoda bipunctata Hansen 1882 |
| Steatoda bipunctata Keyserling 1884 |
| Steatoda brasiliana Keyserling 1884 |
| Steatoda brasiliana Keyserling 1886 |
| Steatoda bipunctata Chyzer & Kulczynski 1894 |
| Steatoda bipunctata Becker 1896 |
| Stearodea bipunctata Strand 1902 |
| Steatoda bipunctata Bösenberg 1902 |
| Steatoda bipunctata Reimoser 1929 |
| Steatoda bipunctata Wiehle 1937 |
| Steatoda bipunctata Locket & Millidge 1953 |
| Steatoda bipunctata Chrysanthus 1955 |
| Steatoda bipunctata Levi 1957 |
| Steatoda bipunctata Braendegaard 1958 |
| Steatoda bipunctata Levi 1962 |
| Steatoda bipunctata Azheganova 1968 |
| Steatoda bipunctata Miller 1971 |
| Steatoda bipunctata Palmgren 1974 |
| Steatoda bipunctata Heimer 1982 |
| Steatoda bipunctata Roberts 1985 |
| Steatoda bipunctata Izmailova 1989 |
| Steatoda bipunctata Heimer & Nentwig 1991 |
| Steatoda bipunctata Roberts 1995 |
| Steatoda bipunctata Mcheidze 1997 |
| Steatoda bipunctata Roberts 1998 |
| Steatoda bipunctata Zhu 1998 |
| Steatoda bipunctata Song, Zhu & Chen 1999 |
| Steatoda bipunctata Paquin & Dupérré 2003 |
| Steatoda bipunctata Agnarsson 2004 |
| Steatoda bipunctata Knoflach 2004 |
| Steatoda bipunctata Knoflach & Pfaller 2004 |
| Steatoda bipunctata Almquist 2005 |
Taxonomic References†
Agnarsson, I. 2004. Morphological phylogeny of cobweb spiders and their relatives (Araneae, Araneoidea, Theridiidae). Zool. J. Linnean Soc. 141: 447-626.
Almquist, S. 2005. Swedish Araneae, part 1: families Atypidae to Hahniidae (Linyphiidae excluded). Insect Syst. Ecol., Suppl. 62: 1-284.
Azheganova, N. S. 1968. Kratkii opredelitel' paukov (Aranei) lesnoi i lesostepnoi zony SSSR. Akademia Nauk SSSR, pp. 1-149.
Becker, L. 1896. Les arachnides de Belgique. Ann. Mus. Roy. Hist. nat. Belg. 12: 1-3788.
Blackwall, J. 1864. A history of the spiders of Great Britain and Ireland. London, Ray Society, 2: 175-384.
Bösenberg, W. 1902. Die Spinnen Deutschlands. II-IV. Zoologica (Stuttgart) 14: 97-384.
Braendegaard, J. 1958. Araneida. In The Zoology of Iceland. Ejnar Munksgaard, Copenhagen 3(54): 1-113.
Chrysanthus, P. 1955. On defectively regenerated palps in male spiders. Natuurhist. Maandblad 44: 56-59.
Chyzer, C. & W. Kulczynski. 1894. Araneae Hungariae. Budapest, 2: 1-151.
De Geer, C. 1778. Mémoires pour servir à l'histoire des insectes. Stockholm, 7(3-4): 176-324.
Fabricius, J. C. 1775. Systema entomologiae, sistens insectorum classes, ordines, genera, species, adiectis, synonymis, locis descriptionibus observationibus. Flensburg and Lipsiae, 832 pp. (Araneae, pp. 431-441).
Giebel, C. G. 1869. Am Vierwaldstädter See. Zeitschr. gesam. Naturw. 34: 263-311 (Araneae, pp. 298-307).
Hahn, C. W. 1833. Die Arachniden. Nürnberg, Erster Band, pp. 77-129; Zweite Band, pp. 1-16.
Hahn, C. W. 1826. Monographie der Spinnen. Nürnberg, Heft 4, pp. 1-2, 4 pls.
Hansen, H., J. 1882. Spindeldyr. In Schiödte, J. C. (ed.), Zoologia Danica. Kjöbenhavn, 3: 1-81, I-V.
Heimer, S. 1982. Interne Arretierungsmechanismen an der Kopulationsorganen männlicher Spinnen (Arachnida, Araneae). Ein Beitrag zur Phylogenie der Araneoidea. Ent. Abh. Mus. Tierk. Dresden 45: 35-64.
Heimer, S. & W. Nentwig. 1991. Spinnen Mitteleuropas: Ein Bestimmungsbuch. Verlag Paul Parey, Berlin, 543 pp.
Izmailova, M. V. 1989. [Fauna of Spiders of South Part of Eastern Siberia]. Irkutsk, State Univ. Publ., 184 pp.
Keyserling, E. 1886. Die Spinnen Amerikas. Theridiidae. Nürnberg, 2: 1-295.
Keyserling, E. 1884. Die Spinnen Amerikas II. Theridiidae. Nürnberg, 1: 1-222.
Knoflach, B. 2004. Diversity in the copulatory behaviour of comb-footed spiders (Araneae, Theridiidae). In Thaler, K. (ed.), Diversität und Biologie von Webspinnen, Skorpionen under anderen Spinnentieren. Denisia 12 161-256.
Knoflach, B. & K. Pfaller. 2004. Kugelspinnen -- eine Einführung (Araneae, Theridiidae). In Thaler, K. (ed.), Diversität und Biologie von Webspinnen, Skorpionen under anderen Spinnentieren. Denisia 12 111-160.
Koch, C. L. 1845. Die Arachniden. Nürnberg, Zwolfter Band, pp. 1-166.
Koch, C. L. 1839. Die Arachniden. Nürnberg, Funfter Band, pp. 125-158, Sechster Band, pp. 1-156, Siebenter Band, pp. 1-106.
Krynicki, J. 1837. Arachnographiae Rossicae. Decas prima. Bull. Soc. imp. nat. Moscou 10: 73-88.
Levi, H. W. 1962. The spider genera Steatoda and Enoplognatha in America (Araneae, Theridiidae). Psyche, Camb. 69: 11-36.
Levi, H. W. 1957. The spider genera Crustulina and Steatoda in North America, Central America, and the West Indies (Araneae, Theridiidae). Bull. Mus. comp. Zool. Harv. 117: 367-424.
Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species cum characteribus differentiis, synonymis, locis. Editio decima, reformata. Holmiae, 821 pp. (Araneae, pp. 619-624).
Locket, G. H. & A. F. Millidge. 1953. British spiders. Ray Society, London, 2: 1-449.
Mcheidze, T. S. 1997. [Spiders of Georgia: Systematics, Ecology, Zoogeographic Review]. Tbilisi Univ., 390 pp. (in Georgian).
Menge, A. 1869. Preussische Spinnen. III. Abtheilung. Schrift. naturf. Ges. Danzig (N. F.) 2: 219-264.
Menge, A. 1850. Verzeichniss [der] danziger Spinnen. Neue Schrift. naturf. Ges. Danzig 4: 57-71.
Miller, F. 1971. Pavouci-Araneida. Klíc zvíreny CSSR 4: 51-306.
Palmgren, P. 1974. Die Spinnenfauna Finnlands und Ostfennoskandiens. V. Theridiinae und Nesticidae. Fauna Fenn. 26: 1-54.
Panzer, G. W. F. 1804. Systematische Nomenklatur über weiland Herrn Dr. Jacob Christian Schäffers natürlich ausgemahlte Abbildungen regensburgischer Insekten. In Herrich-Schäffer, J. C. (ed.), Icones insectorum ratisbonensium, Editio nova. Erlangen, 4: 1-260.
Paquin, P. & N. Dupérré. 2003. Guide d'identification des araignées de Québec. Fabreries, Suppl. 11 1-251.
Reimoser, E. 1929. Einheimische Spinnen 3-4. Die Natur (Wien) 5: 36-39, 62-65, 81-89.
Roberts, M. J. 1998. Spinnengids. Tirion, Baarn, Netherlands, 397 pp.
Roberts, M. J. 1995. Collins Field Guide: Spiders of Britain & Northern Europe. HarperCollins, London, 383 pp.
Roberts, M. J. 1985. The spiders of Great Britain and Ireland, Volume 1: Atypidae to Theridiosomatidae. Harley Books, Colchester, England.
Song, D. X., M. S. Zhu & J. Chen. 1999. The Spiders of China. Hebei Sci. Technol. Publ. House, Shijiazhuang, 640 pp.
Strand, E. 1902. Theridiiden aus dem westlichen Norwegen. Bergens Mus. Aarb. 1902(6): 1-23.
Sundevall, J. C. 1833. Conspectus Arachnidum. Londini Gothorum, pp. 1-39.
Sundevall, J. C. 1831. Svenska Spindlarnes Beskrifning. Fortsättning. Separate, published by P. A. Norstedt & Söner, Stockholm (journal version appeared in 1832, see below).
Thorell, T. 1870. Remarks on synonyms of European spiders. Part I. Uppsala, pp. 1-96.
Walckenaer, C. A. 1842. Histoire naturelle des Insects. Aptères. Paris, 2: 1-549.
Walckenaer, C. A. 1805. Tableau des aranéides ou caractères essentiels des tribus, genres, familles et races que renferme le genre Aranea de Linné, avec la désignation des espèces comprises dans chacune de ces divisions. Paris, 88 pp.
Westring, N. 1861. Araneae svecieae. Göteb. Kongl. Vet. Handl. 7: 1-615.
Wiehle, H. 1937. Spinnentier oder Arachnoidea. VIII. Theridiidae oder Haubennetzspinnen (Kugelspinnen). In Die Tierwelt Deutschlands. Jena, 33(26): 119-222.
Zhu, M. S. 1998. Fauna Sinica: Arachnida: Araneae: Theridiidae. Science Press, Beijing, xi + 436 pp.
†Nomenclature and taxonomic references from the World Spider Catalog accessible at http://research.amnh.org/entomology/spiders/catalog/THERIDIIDAE.html
Other Nearctic Members of Genus Steatoda Sundevall, 1833‡‡
S. alamosa Gertsch, 1960 ...............USA, Mexico
S. albomaculata (De Geer, 1778) ...............Cosmopolitan
S. americana (Emerton, 1882) ...............USA, Canada, China
S. apacheana Gertsch, 1960 ...............USA
S. atascadera Chamberlin & Ivie, 1942 ...............USA
S. borealis (Hentz, 1850) ...............USA, Canada, Alaska
S. castanea (Clerck, 1757) ...............Palearctic (Canada, introduced)
S. fulva (Keyserling, 1884) ...............USA, Mexico
S. grandis Banks, 1901 ...............USA
S. grossa (C. L. Koch, 1838) ...............Cosmopolitan
S. hespera Chamberlin & Ivie, 1933 ...............USA, Canada
S. medialis (Banks, 1898) ...............USA, Mexico
S. mexicana Levi, 1957 ...............USA, Mexico
S. palomara Chamberlin & Ivie, 1935 ...............USA
S. phalerata (Panzer, 1801) ...............Palearctic
S. pulchra (Keyserling, 1884) ...............USA
S. punctulata (Marx, 1898) ...............USA, Mexico
S. quadrimaculata (O. P.-Cambridge, 1896) ...............USA to Venezuela, West Indies
S. transversa (Banks, 1898) ...............USA, Mexico
S. triangulosa (Walckenaer, 1802) ...............Cosmopolitan
S. variata Gertsch, 1960 ...............USA, Mexico
S. variata china Gertsch, 1960 ...............USA, Mexico
S. washona Gertsch, 1960 ...............USA, Mexico
‡‡May also include species with Palearctic distribution