Nearctic States & Provinces: AB BC YT AK CO MT WY
Collection Locales Mapped by Year Collected:
The Nearctic Spider Database, http://www.canadianarachnology.org/data/spiders/31976
Xysticus luctuosus (Blackwall, 1836)
FAMILY: THOMISIDAE Sundevall, 1833
Genus: Xysticus C. L. Koch, 1835
Species: Xysticus luctuosus (Blackwall, 1836)
Author of this page: Hancock, John (Page complete and awaiting review)
General Comments: Mostly a forest species hunting among the litter above and on the forest floor (Hancock, pers. obs.).
Common Names
Family Common Name:
crab spiders
Genus Common Name:
ground crab spiders
Species Common Name:
none
Distribution
Global Distribution: Holarctic
Nearctic States & Provinces:
AB BC YT AK CO MT WY
Collection Locales Mapped by Year Collected:
Natural History, Phenology & Image(s)
Feeding Guild:‡
ambushers
‡Feeding guild when noted defined by Uetz, G. W., J. Halaj, and A. B. Cady. 1999. Guild structure of spiders in major crops. Journal of Arachnology 27:270-280.
Recorded Habitats:
Litter in wooded areas (Dondale & Redner, 1978). Both the ground and field layer, also known from wasp nests (Hancock, pers. obs.).
Life & Natural History:
(not yet recorded or unknown)
Seasonality of Specimen Records:
Image(s) of Habitus:
Credit: Slowik, Joey
Credit: Hancock, John
Details About Males
Description:
Carapace dark brown, reticulated with orange, with white V and brown triangular spot anterior to dorsal groove. Legs mottled light brown and dark brown. Dorsum of abdomen with paired brown to purple areas separated by off-white median band. Tegular ridge at 270 degrees on the palp (Dondale & Redner, 1978).
Male Dimensions:
A+B = 3.6 mm
A = 2.2 mm
C = 2.16 mm
Image of External Male Genitalia:
Credit: Slowik, Joey
Details About Females
Description:
Carapace light brown, reticulated with orange, with white V and brown triangular spot anterior to dorsal groove. Legs mottled pale brown and mid- brown. Dorsum of abdomen with paired brown to purple areas separated by off-white median band. Elliptical atrium and angled spermathecae to the epigynum (Dondale & Redner, 1978.)
Female Dimensions:
A+B = 4.8 mm
A = 2.22 mm
C = 2.13 mm
Image of Epigynum:
Credit: Hancock, John
Descriptions Source:
Dondale, C. D. & J. H. Redner. 1978. The insects and arachnids of Canada, Part 5. The crab spiders of Canada and Alaska, Araneae: Philodromidae and Thomisidae. Research Branch, Agriculture Canada, Publ. 1663: 1-255.
Synonyms and Chresonyms†
| Thomisus luctuosus Blackwall 1836 |
| Xysticus luctuosus Blackwall 1836 |
| Xysticus convexus Thorell 1856 |
| Thomisus luctuosus Blackwall 1861 |
| Xysticus luctuosus Thorell 1872 |
| Xysticus luctuosus Becker 1882 |
| Xysticus pulverulentus Emerton 1894 |
| Xysticus luctuosus Bösenberg 1902 |
| Xysticus luctuosus Simon 1932 |
| Xysticus lutulentus Gertsch 1934 |
| Xysticus lutulentus Gertsch 1939 |
| Xysticus mysticus Chamberlin & Ivie 1942 |
| Xysticus luctuosus Tullgren 1944 |
| Xysticus luctuosus Locket & Millidge 1951 |
| Xysticus lutulentus Gertsch 1953 |
| Xysticus lutulentus Levi & Field 1954 |
| Xysticus luctuosus Turnbull, Dondale & Redner 1965 |
| Xysticus luctuosus Utochkin 1968 |
| Xysticus luctuosus Fuhn & Niculescu-Burlacu 1969 |
| Xysticus luctuosus Vilbaste 1969 |
| Xysticus luctuosus Miller 1971 |
| Xysticus luctuosus Braendegaard 1972 |
| Xysticus luctuosus Dondale & Redner 1978 |
| Xysticus luctuosus Roberts 1985 |
| Xysticus luctuosus van Helsdingen 1986 |
| Xysticus luctuosus Izmailova 1989 |
| Xysticus luctuosus Ono, Marusik & Logunov 1990 |
| Xysticus luctuosus Heimer & Nentwig 1991 |
| Proxysticus luctuosus Wunderlich 1992 |
| Xysticus luctuosus Marusik & Logunov 1995 |
| Xysticus luctuosus Roberts 1995 |
| Xysticus luctuosus Mcheidze 1997 |
| Xysticus luctuosus Roberts 1998 |
| Xysticus luctuosus Paquin & Dupérré 2003 |
| Xysticus luctuosus Paquin & Dupérré 2006 |
Taxonomic References†
Becker, L. 1882. Les Arachnides de Belgique. I. Ann. Mus. Roy. Hist. natur. Belg. 10: 1-246.
Blackwall, J. 1861. A history of the spiders of Great Britain and Ireland. London, 1: 1-174.
Blackwall, J. 1836. Characters of some undescribed species of Araneidae. Lond. Edinb. Phil. Mag. J. Sci. (3) 8: 481-491.
Bösenberg, W. 1902. Die Spinnen Deutschlands. II-IV. Zoologica (Stuttgart) 14: 97-384.
Braendegaard, J. 1972. Edderkopper: Eller Spindlere II. Danmarks Fauna 80: 1-231.
Chamberlin, R. V. & W. Ivie. 1942. A hundred new species of American spiders. Bull. Univ. Utah 32(13): 1-117.
Dondale, C. D. & J. H. Redner. 1978. The insects and arachnids of Canada, Part 5. The crab spiders of Canada and Alaska, Araneae: Philodromidae and Thomisidae. Research Branch, Agriculture Canada, Publ. 1663: 1-255.
Emerton, J. H. 1894. Canadian spiders. Trans. Connect. Acad. Arts Sci. 9: 400-429.
Fuhn, I. E. & F. Niculescu-Burlacu. 1969. Aranee colectate din Transilvania, Banat si Crisana (colectate de Dr. B. Kis, 1962-1965). Comun. Zool. Soc. Stiinte Biol. Repub. social. România 1969: 75-82.
Gertsch, W. J. 1953. The spider genera Xysticus, Coriarachne and Oxyptila (Thomisidae, Misumeninae) in North America. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 102: 415-482.
Gertsch, W. J. 1939. A revision of the typical crab spiders (Misumeninae) of America north of Mexico. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 76: 277-442.
Gertsch, W. J. 1934. Notes on American crab spiders (Thomisidae). Amer. Mus. Novit. 707: 1-25.
Heimer, S. & W. Nentwig. 1991. Spinnen Mitteleuropas: Ein Bestimmungsbuch. Verlag Paul Parey, Berlin, 543 pp.
Helsdingen, P. J. van. 1986. Discrimination between Xysticus luctuosus (Blackwall) and X. acerbus Thorell (Araneae, Thomisidae). Mém. Soc. r. ent. Belg. 33: 85-92.
Izmailova, M. V. 1989. [Fauna of Spiders of South Part of Eastern Siberia]. Irkutsk, State Univ. Publ., 184 pp.
Levi, H. W. & H. M. Field. 1954. The spiders of Wisconsin. Am. Midl. Nat. 51: 440-467.
Locket, G. H. & A. F. Millidge. 1951. British spiders. Ray Society, London, 1: 1-310.
Marusik, Y. M. & D. V. Logunov. 1995. The crab spiders of Middle Asia (Aranei, Thomisidae), 2. Beitr. Araneol. 4: 133-175.
Mcheidze, T. S. 1997. [Spiders of Georgia: Systematics, Ecology, Zoogeographic Review]. Tbilisi Univ., 390 pp. (in Georgian).
Miller, F. 1971. Pavouci-Araneida. Klíc zvíreny CSSR 4: 51-306.
Ono, H., Y. M. Marusik & D. V. Logunov. 1990. Spiders of the family Thomisidae from Sakhalin and the Kurile Islands. Acta arachn. Tokyo 39: 7-19.
Paquin, P. & N. Dupérré. 2006. The spiders of Quebec: update, additions and corrections. Zootaxa 1133: 1-37.
Paquin, P. & N. Dupérré. 2003. Guide d'identification des araignées de Québec. Fabreries, Suppl. 11 1-251.
Roberts, M. J. 1998. Spinnengids. Tirion, Baarn, Netherlands, 397 pp.
Roberts, M. J. 1995. Collins Field Guide: Spiders of Britain & Northern Europe. HarperCollins, London, 383 pp.
Roberts, M. J. 1985. The spiders of Great Britain and Ireland, Volume 1: Atypidae to Theridiosomatidae. Harley Books, Colchester, England.
Simon, E. 1932. Les arachnides de France. Tome VI. Synopsis générale et catalogue des espèces françaises de l'ordre des Araneae; 4e partie. Paris, 6: 773-978.
Thorell, T. 1872. Remarks on synonyms of European spiders. Part III. Upsala, pp. 229-374.
Thorell, T. 1856. Recensio critica aranearum suecicarum quas descripserunt Clerckius, Linnaeus, de Geerus. N. Act. reg. Soc. sci. Upsal. (3) 2(1): 61-176.
Tullgren, A. 1944. Svensk Spindelfauna. 3. Araneae (Salticidae, Thomisidae, Philodromidae och Eusparassidae). Stockholm, pp. 1-108.
Turnbull, A. L., C. D. Dondale & J. H. Redner. 1965. The spider genus Xysticus C. L. Koch (Araneae: Thomisidae) in Canada. Can. Ent. 97: 1233-1280.
Utochkin, A. S. 1968. Pauki roda Xysticus faunii SSSR (Opredelitel'). Ed. Univ. Perm, pp. 1-73.
Vilbaste, A. 1969. Eesti Žmblikud I. Krabiämbliklased (Xysticidae), Jooksikämbliklased (Philodromidae) ja Hüpikämbliklased (Salticidae). Zooloogia ja Botaanika Instituut, Tallinn, pp. 1-224.
Wunderlich, J. 1992. Die Spinnen-Fauna der Makaronesischen Inseln: Taxonomie, Ökologie, Biogeographie und Evolution. Beitr. Araneol. 1: 1-619.
†Nomenclature and taxonomic references from the World Spider Catalog accessible at http://research.amnh.org/entomology/spiders/catalog/THOMISIDAE.html
Natural History References
Dondale, C. D. & J. H. Redner. 1978. The insects and arachnids of Canada, Part 5. The crab spiders of Canada and Alaska, Araneae: Philodromidae and Thomisidae. Research Branch, Agriculture Canada, Publ. 1663: 1-255.
Other Nearctic Members of Genus Xysticus C. L. Koch, 1835‡‡
X. acquiescens Emerton, 1919 ...............Holarctic
X. alboniger Turnbull, Dondale & Redner, 1965 ...............USA, Canada
X. ampullatus Turnbull, Dondale & Redner, 1965 ...............USA, Canada
X. apachecus Gertsch, 1933 ...............USA
X. apalacheus Gertsch, 1953 ...............USA
X. aprilinus Bryant, 1930 ...............USA
X. auctificus Keyserling, 1880 ...............USA, Canada
X. audax (Schrank, 1803) ...............Palearctic
X. banksi Bryant, 1933 ...............USA
X. benefactor Keyserling, 1880 ...............USA, Canada
X. bicuspis Keyserling, 1887 ...............USA
X. bifasciatus C. L. Koch, 1837 ...............Palearctic
X. bonneti Denis, 1938 ...............Palearctic
X. britcheri Gertsch, 1934 ...............Russia, Alaska, Canada, USA
X. californicus Keyserling, 1880 ...............USA
X. canadensis Gertsch, 1934 ...............Russia, USA, Canada
X. chaparralis Schick, 1965 ...............USA
X. chippewa Gertsch, 1953 ...............Holarctic
X. cochise Gertsch, 1953 ...............USA
X. coloradensis Bryant, 1930 ...............USA
X. concursus Gertsch, 1934 ...............USA
X. cristatus (Clerck, 1757) ...............Palearctic
X. cunctator Thorell, 1877 ...............USA, Canada
X. deichmanni Sorensen, 1898 ...............Canada, Alaska, Greenland
X. discursans Keyserling, 1880 ...............North America
X. durus (Sorensen, 1898) ...............USA, Canada, Greenland
X. elegans Keyserling, 1880 ...............USA, Canada, Alaska
X. ellipticus Turnbull, Dondale & Redner, 1965 ...............USA, Canada
X. emertoni Keyserling, 1880 ...............USA, Canada, Alaska, Slovakia to China
X. facetus O. P.-Cambridge, 1896 ...............Mexico to El Salvador
X. ferox (Hentz, 1847) ...............USA, Canada
X. ferrugineus Menge, 1876 ...............Palearctic
X. fervidus Gerstch, 1953 ...............USA, Canada
X. flavovittatus Keyserling, 1880 ...............USA
X. floridanus Banks, 1896 ...............USA
X. fraternus Banks, 1895 ...............USA, Canada
X. funestus Keyserling, 1880 ...............North America
X. furtivus Gertsch, 1936 ...............USA
X. gallicus Simon, 1875 ...............Palearctic
X. gertschi Schick, 1965 ...............North America
X. gosiutus Gertsch, 1932 ...............USA, Canada
X. gulosus Keyserling, 1880 ...............North America
X. humilis Redner & Dondale, 1965 ...............USA
X. imitarius Gertsch, 1953 ...............USA
X. indiligens (Walckenaer, 1837) ...............USA
X. iviei Schick, 1965 ...............USA
X. iviei sierrensis Schick, 1965 ...............USA
X. keyserlingi Bryant, 1930 ...............USA, Canada
X. labradorensis Keyserling, 1887 ...............Holarctic
X. lanio C. L. Koch, 1835 ...............Palearctic
X. lassanus Chamberlin, 1925 ...............USA, Mexico
X. laticeps Bryant, 1933 ...............USA, Cuba
X. lineatus (Westring, 1851) ...............Palearctic
X. locuples Keyserling, 1880 ...............USA, Canada
X. luctans (C. L. Koch, 1845) ...............USA, Canada
X. luctator L. Koch, 1870 ...............Palearctic
X. lutzi Gertsch, 1935 ...............USA, Mexico
X. montanensis Keyserling, 1887 ...............USA, Canada, Alaska
X. nevadensis (Keyserling, 1880) ...............USA
X. nigromaculatus Keyserling, 1884 ...............USA, Canada
X. ninnii Thorell, 1872 ...............Palearctic
X. obscurus Collett, 1877 ...............Holarctic
X. ocala Gertsch, 1953 ...............USA
X. ontariensis Emerton, 1919 ...............Canada
X. orizaba Banks, 1898 ...............Mexico
X. paiutus Gertsch, 1933 ...............USA, Mexico
X. pearcei Schick, 1965 ...............USA
X. pellax O. P.-Cambridge, 1894 ...............North America
X. peninsulanus Gertsch, 1934 ...............USA
X. posti Sauer, 1968 ...............USA
X. pretiosus Gertsch, 1934 ...............USA, Canada
X. punctatus Keyserling, 1880 ...............USA, Canada
X. robinsoni Gertsch, 1953 ...............USA, Mexico
X. rockefelleri Gertsch, 1953 ...............Mexico
X. rugosus Buckle & Redner, 1964 ...............Russia, Canada, USA
X. sabulosus (Hahn, 1832) ...............Palearctic
X. sphericus (Walckenaer, 1837) ...............USA
X. striatipes L. Koch, 1870 ...............Palearctic
X. tampa Gertsch, 1953 ...............USA
X. texanus Banks, 1904 ...............USA, Mexico
X. triangulosus Emerton, 1894 ...............USA, Canada, Alaska
X. triguttatus Keyserling, 1880 ...............USA, Canada
X. ulmi (Hahn, 1831) ...............Palearctic
X. variabilis Keyserling, 1880 ...............USA
X. viduus Kulczynski, 1898 ...............Palearctic
X. winnipegensis Turnbull, Dondale & Redner, 1965 ...............Canada
‡‡May also include species with Palearctic distribution
Page Reference:
Hancock, John. submitted. Taxonomic and natural history description of FAM: THOMISIDAE, Xysticus luctuosus (Blackwall, 1836).
In: The Nearctic Spider Database. David P. Shorthouse (editor). World Wide Web electronic publication. Direct link: http://www.canadianarachnology.org/data/spiders/31976 (Accessed: 7/8/2008 11:42:37 PM).
Author Email Address: spidermanjohn@shaw.ca
Text Last Modified: 2006-02-26T23:24:56Z