Nearctic States & Provinces: AB ON QC YT CO IN MD MA MT NH NM OK PA TX WY
Collection Locales Mapped by Year Collected:
The Nearctic Spider Database, http://www.canadianarachnology.org/data/spiders/31887
Xysticus ferox (Hentz, 1847)
FAMILY: THOMISIDAE Sundevall, 1833
Genus: Xysticus C. L. Koch, 1835
Species: Xysticus ferox (Hentz, 1847)
Author of this page: Hancock, John (Page complete and awaiting review)
Common Names
Family Common Name:
crab spiders
Genus Common Name:
ground crab spiders
Species Common Name:
none
Distribution
Global Distribution: USA, Canada
Nearctic States & Provinces:
AB ON QC YT CO IN MD MA MT NH NM OK PA TX WY
Collection Locales Mapped by Year Collected:
Natural History, Phenology & Image(s)
Feeding Guild:‡
ambushers
‡Feeding guild when noted defined by Uetz, G. W., J. Halaj, and A. B. Cady. 1999. Guild structure of spiders in major crops. Journal of Arachnology 27:270-280.
Recorded Habitats:
Leaf litter, under stones and logs, on flowering herbs (Dondale & Redner, 1978). Most often encounted among litter on the forest floor. Has also been found within the scales of fallen cones (Hancock, pers. obs.).
Life & Natural History:
(not yet recorded or unknown)
Seasonality of Specimen Records:
Image(s) of Habitus:
(images not yet available)
Details About Males
Description:
Carapace mottled dark brown and yellow; pale median area enclosing area of mottled pigment anterior to dorsal groove; each dark lateral area partly divided by pale longitudinal band. Legs mottled brown and off-white. Dorsum of abdomen with paired red-brown areas separated by paler lines. Small tegular apophyses, the basal being short and curled (Dondale & Redner, 1978).
Male Dimensions:
A+B = 5 mm
A = 2.57 mm
C = 2.51 mm
Image of External Male Genitalia:
Credit: Hancock, John
Details About Females
Description:
Carapace mottled mid-brown and yellow; pale median area enclosing area of mottled pigment anterior to dorsal groove; each dark lateral area partly divided by pale longitudinal band. Legs a light mottled brown and off-white. Dorsum of abdomen with paired brown areas separated by paler lines. Median septum broadening posteriad (Dondale & Redner, 1978).
Female Dimensions:
A+B = 6.5 mm
A = 2.55 mm
C = 2.4 mm
Image of Epigynum:
(image not yet available)
Descriptions Source:
Dondale, C. D. & J. H. Redner. 1978. The insects and arachnids of Canada, Part 5. The crab spiders of Canada and Alaska, Araneae: Philodromidae and Thomisidae. Research Branch, Agriculture Canada, Publ. 1663: 1-255.
Synonyms and Chresonyms†
| Thomisus transversatus Walckenaer 1837 |
| Thomisus ferox Hentz 1847 |
| Xysticus ferox Hentz 1847 |
| Xysticus stomachosus Keyserling 1880 |
| Xysticus distinctus Banks 1892 |
| Xysticus maculatus Banks 1892 |
| Xysticus stomachosus Emerton 1892 |
| Xysticus transversus Banks 1892 |
| Xysticus stomachosus Emerton 1902 |
| Xysticus ferox Banks 1910 |
| Xysticus ferox Comstock 1912 |
| Xysticus ferox Gertsch 1939 |
| Xysticus ferox Chickering 1940 |
| Xysticus ferox Comstock 1940 |
| Xysticus ferox Muma 1943 |
| Xysticus transversatus Chamberlin & Ivie 1944 |
| Xysticus ferox Kaston 1948 |
| Xysticus transversatus Anderson 1961 |
| Xysticus transversatus Kaston 1963 |
| Xysticus ferox Turnbull, Dondale & Redner 1965 |
| Xysticus ferox Dondale & Redner 1978 |
| Xysticus ferox Paquin & Dupérré 2003 |
Taxonomic References†
Anderson, J. F. 1961. A gynandromorphic crab spider. Bull. Brooklyn ent. Soc. 56: 100-102.
Banks, N. 1910. Catalogue of Nearctic spiders. Bull. U. S. nat. Mus. 72: 1-80.
Banks, N. 1892. The spider fauna of the Upper Cayuga Lake Basin. Proc. Acad. nat. Sci. Philad. 1892: 11-81.
Chamberlin, R. V. & W. Ivie. 1944. Spiders of the Georgia region of North America. Bull. Univ. Utah 35(9): 1-267.
Chickering, A. M. 1940. The Thomisidae (crab spiders) of Michigan. Pap. Michigan Acad. Sci. Arts Lett. 25: 189-237.
Comstock, J. H. 1940. The spider book, revised and edited by W. J. Gertsch. Cornell Univ. Press, Ithaca, xi + 727 pp.
Comstock, J. H. 1912. The spider book; a manual for the study of the spiders and their near relatives, the scorpions, pseudoscorpions, whipscorpions, harvestmen and other members of the class Arachnida, found in America north of Mexico, with analytical keys for their classification and popular accounts of their habits. Garden City, New York, pp. 1-721
Dondale, C. D. & J. H. Redner. 1978. The insects and arachnids of Canada, Part 5. The crab spiders of Canada and Alaska, Araneae: Philodromidae and Thomisidae. Research Branch, Agriculture Canada, Publ. 1663: 1-255.
Emerton, J. H. 1902. The common spiders of the United States. Boston, pp. 1-225.
Emerton, J. H. 1892. New England spiders of the family Thomisidae. Trans. Connect. Acad. Arts Sci. 8: 359-381.
Gertsch, W. J. 1939. A revision of the typical crab spiders (Misumeninae) of America north of Mexico. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 76: 277-442.
Hentz, N. M. 1847. Descriptions and figures of the araneides of the United States. Boston J. nat. Hist. 5: 443-478.
Kaston, B. J. 1963. Deformities of external genitalia in spiders. Jl N. Y. ent. Soc. 71: 30-39.
Kaston, B. J. 1948. Spiders of Connecticut. Bull. Conn. St. geol. nat. Hist. Surv. 70: 1-874.
Keyserling, E. 1880. Die Spinnen Amerikas, I. Laterigradae. Nürnberg, 1: 1-283.
Muma, M. H. 1943. Common spiders of Maryland. Natural History Society of Maryland, Baltimore, 179 pp.
Paquin, P. & N. Dupérré. 2003. Guide d'identification des araignées de Québec. Fabreries, Suppl. 11 1-251.
Turnbull, A. L., C. D. Dondale & J. H. Redner. 1965. The spider genus Xysticus C. L. Koch (Araneae: Thomisidae) in Canada. Can. Ent. 97: 1233-1280.
Walckenaer, C. A. 1837. Histoire naturelle des insectes. Aptères. Paris, 1: 1-682.
†Nomenclature and taxonomic references from the World Spider Catalog accessible at http://research.amnh.org/entomology/spiders/catalog/THOMISIDAE.html
Natural History References
Dondale, C. D. & J. H. Redner. 1978. The insects and arachnids of Canada, Part 5. The crab spiders of Canada and Alaska, Araneae: Philodromidae and Thomisidae. Research Branch, Agriculture Canada, Publ. 1663: 1-255.
Other Nearctic Members of Genus Xysticus C. L. Koch, 1835‡‡
X. acquiescens Emerton, 1919 ...............Holarctic
X. alboniger Turnbull, Dondale & Redner, 1965 ...............USA, Canada
X. ampullatus Turnbull, Dondale & Redner, 1965 ...............USA, Canada
X. apachecus Gertsch, 1933 ...............USA
X. apalacheus Gertsch, 1953 ...............USA
X. aprilinus Bryant, 1930 ...............USA
X. auctificus Keyserling, 1880 ...............USA, Canada
X. audax (Schrank, 1803) ...............Palearctic
X. banksi Bryant, 1933 ...............USA
X. benefactor Keyserling, 1880 ...............USA, Canada
X. bicuspis Keyserling, 1887 ...............USA
X. bifasciatus C. L. Koch, 1837 ...............Palearctic
X. bonneti Denis, 1938 ...............Palearctic
X. britcheri Gertsch, 1934 ...............Russia, Alaska, Canada, USA
X. californicus Keyserling, 1880 ...............USA
X. canadensis Gertsch, 1934 ...............Russia, USA, Canada
X. chaparralis Schick, 1965 ...............USA
X. chippewa Gertsch, 1953 ...............Holarctic
X. cochise Gertsch, 1953 ...............USA
X. coloradensis Bryant, 1930 ...............USA
X. concursus Gertsch, 1934 ...............USA
X. cristatus (Clerck, 1757) ...............Palearctic
X. cunctator Thorell, 1877 ...............USA, Canada
X. deichmanni Sorensen, 1898 ...............Canada, Alaska, Greenland
X. discursans Keyserling, 1880 ...............North America
X. durus (Sorensen, 1898) ...............USA, Canada, Greenland
X. elegans Keyserling, 1880 ...............USA, Canada, Alaska
X. ellipticus Turnbull, Dondale & Redner, 1965 ...............USA, Canada
X. emertoni Keyserling, 1880 ...............USA, Canada, Alaska, Slovakia to China
X. facetus O. P.-Cambridge, 1896 ...............Mexico to El Salvador
X. ferrugineus Menge, 1876 ...............Palearctic
X. fervidus Gerstch, 1953 ...............USA, Canada
X. flavovittatus Keyserling, 1880 ...............USA
X. floridanus Banks, 1896 ...............USA
X. fraternus Banks, 1895 ...............USA, Canada
X. funestus Keyserling, 1880 ...............North America
X. furtivus Gertsch, 1936 ...............USA
X. gallicus Simon, 1875 ...............Palearctic
X. gertschi Schick, 1965 ...............North America
X. gosiutus Gertsch, 1932 ...............USA, Canada
X. gulosus Keyserling, 1880 ...............North America
X. humilis Redner & Dondale, 1965 ...............USA
X. imitarius Gertsch, 1953 ...............USA
X. indiligens (Walckenaer, 1837) ...............USA
X. iviei Schick, 1965 ...............USA
X. iviei sierrensis Schick, 1965 ...............USA
X. keyserlingi Bryant, 1930 ...............USA, Canada
X. labradorensis Keyserling, 1887 ...............Holarctic
X. lanio C. L. Koch, 1835 ...............Palearctic
X. lassanus Chamberlin, 1925 ...............USA, Mexico
X. laticeps Bryant, 1933 ...............USA, Cuba
X. lineatus (Westring, 1851) ...............Palearctic
X. locuples Keyserling, 1880 ...............USA, Canada
X. luctans (C. L. Koch, 1845) ...............USA, Canada
X. luctator L. Koch, 1870 ...............Palearctic
X. luctuosus (Blackwall, 1836) ...............Holarctic
X. lutzi Gertsch, 1935 ...............USA, Mexico
X. montanensis Keyserling, 1887 ...............USA, Canada, Alaska
X. nevadensis (Keyserling, 1880) ...............USA
X. nigromaculatus Keyserling, 1884 ...............USA, Canada
X. ninnii Thorell, 1872 ...............Palearctic
X. obscurus Collett, 1877 ...............Holarctic
X. ocala Gertsch, 1953 ...............USA
X. ontariensis Emerton, 1919 ...............Canada
X. orizaba Banks, 1898 ...............Mexico
X. paiutus Gertsch, 1933 ...............USA, Mexico
X. pearcei Schick, 1965 ...............USA
X. pellax O. P.-Cambridge, 1894 ...............North America
X. peninsulanus Gertsch, 1934 ...............USA
X. posti Sauer, 1968 ...............USA
X. pretiosus Gertsch, 1934 ...............USA, Canada
X. punctatus Keyserling, 1880 ...............USA, Canada
X. robinsoni Gertsch, 1953 ...............USA, Mexico
X. rockefelleri Gertsch, 1953 ...............Mexico
X. rugosus Buckle & Redner, 1964 ...............Russia, Canada, USA
X. sabulosus (Hahn, 1832) ...............Palearctic
X. sphericus (Walckenaer, 1837) ...............USA
X. striatipes L. Koch, 1870 ...............Palearctic
X. tampa Gertsch, 1953 ...............USA
X. texanus Banks, 1904 ...............USA, Mexico
X. triangulosus Emerton, 1894 ...............USA, Canada, Alaska
X. triguttatus Keyserling, 1880 ...............USA, Canada
X. ulmi (Hahn, 1831) ...............Palearctic
X. variabilis Keyserling, 1880 ...............USA
X. viduus Kulczynski, 1898 ...............Palearctic
X. winnipegensis Turnbull, Dondale & Redner, 1965 ...............Canada
‡‡May also include species with Palearctic distribution
Page Reference:
Hancock, John. submitted. Taxonomic and natural history description of FAM: THOMISIDAE, Xysticus ferox (Hentz, 1847).
In: The Nearctic Spider Database. David P. Shorthouse (editor). World Wide Web electronic publication. Direct link: http://www.canadianarachnology.org/data/spiders/31887 (Accessed: 10/13/2008 12:45:00 AM).
Author Email Address: spidermanjohn@shaw.ca
Text Last Modified: 2006-02-26T21:06:42Z