Natural History, Phenology & Image(s)
Feeding Guild:‡
ambushers
‡Feeding guild when noted defined by Uetz, G. W., J. Halaj, and A. B. Cady. 1999. Guild structure of spiders in major crops. Journal of Arachnology 27:270-280.
Recorded Habitats:
(not yet recorded or unknown)
Life & Natural History:
(not yet recorded or unknown)
Image(s) of Habitus:
Credit: Nieuwenhuys, Ed
Details About Males
Description:
(not yet recorded or unknown)
Image of External Male Genitalia:
(image not yet available)
Details About Females
Description:
(not yet recorded or unknown)
Image of Epigynum:
(image not yet available)
Synonyms and Chresonyms†
| Aranea bilineata Walckenaer 1802 |
| Aranea pigra Walckenaer 1802 |
| Tmarus piger Walckenaer 1802 |
| Thomisus bilineatus Walckenaer 1805 |
| Thomisus pigrus Walckenaer 1805 |
| Thomisus lynceus Latreille 1806 |
| Xysticus cuneolus C. L. Koch 1836 |
| Thomisus bilineatus Walckenaer 1837 |
| Thomisus piger Walckenaer 1837 |
| Xysticus cuneolus C. L. Koch 1837 |
| Thomisus cuneatus Walckenaer 1842 |
| Monastes lapidarius Lucas 1846 |
| Thomisus atomarius Blackwall 1861 |
| Xysticus polonicus Taczanowski 1867 |
| Tmarus piger Simon 1875 |
| Monaeses piger Pavesi 1879 |
| Monaeses cuneolus Bertkau 1880 |
| Tmarus piger Becker 1882 |
| Tmarus piger Chyzer & Kulczynski 1891 |
| Tmarus lapidarius Simon 1895 |
| Tmarus piger Bösenberg 1902 |
| Tmarus amoenus Kishida, in Yuhara 1931 |
| Tmarus piger Simon 1932 |
| Tmarus piger Saito 1934 |
| Tmarus piger Saito 1936 |
| Tmarus piger Zhu & Wang 1963 |
| Tmarus piger Azheganova 1968 |
| Tmarus piger Prószynski & Starega 1971 |
| Tmarus piger Paik 1973 |
| Tmarus piger Ono 1977 |
| Tmarus piger Hidalgo 1983 |
| Tmarus piger Hu 1984 |
| Tmarus piger Zhu et al. 1985 |
| Tmarus piger Yaginuma 1986 |
| Tmarus piger Song 1987 |
| Tmarus piger Zhang 1987 |
| Tmarus piger Chikuni 1989 |
| Tmarus piger Heimer & Nentwig 1991 |
| Tmarus piger Logunov 1992 |
| Tmarus piger Roberts 1995 |
| Tmarus piger Urones 1996 |
| Tmarus piger Mcheidze 1997 |
| Tmarus piger Song & Zhu 1997 |
| Tmarus piger Roberts 1998 |
| Tmarus piger Song, Zhu & Chen 1999 |
| Tmarus piger Kim & Gwon 2001 |
| Tmarus piger Song, Zhu & Chen 2001 |
| Tmarus piger Namkung 2002 |
| Tmarus piger Namkung 2003 |
Taxonomic References†
Azheganova, N. S. 1968. Kratkii opredelitel' paukov (Aranei) lesnoi i lesostepnoi zony SSSR. Akademia Nauk SSSR, pp. 1-149.
Becker, L. 1882. Les Arachnides de Belgique. I. Ann. Mus. Roy. Hist. natur. Belg. 10: 1-246.
Bertkau, P. 1880. Verzeichniss der bisher bei Bonn beobachteten Spinnen. Verh. naturh. Ver. preuss. Rheinl. Westfal. 37: 215-343.
Blackwall, J. 1861. A history of the spiders of Great Britain and Ireland. London, 1: 1-174.
Bösenberg, W. 1902. Die Spinnen Deutschlands. II-IV. Zoologica (Stuttgart) 14: 97-384.
Chikuni, Y. 1989. Pictorial Encyclopedia of Spiders in Japan. Kaisei-sha Publ. Co., Tokyo, 310 pp.
Chyzer, C. & W. Kulczynski. 1891. Araneae Hungariae. Budapest, 1: 1-170.
Heimer, S. & W. Nentwig. 1991. Spinnen Mitteleuropas: Ein Bestimmungsbuch. Verlag Paul Parey, Berlin, 543 pp.
Hidalgo G., I. L. 1983. Los Thomisidae y Philodromidae (Araneae) de la colección del Departamento de Zoología de la Universidad de León. Actas Congr. Ibérico Ent. 1: 359-368.
Hu, J. L. 1984. The Chinese spiders collected from the fields and the forests. Tianjin Press of Science and Techniques, 482 pp.
Kim, J. P. & S. P. Gwon. 2001. A revisional study of the spider family Thomisidae Sundevall, 1833 (Arachnida: Araneae) from Korea. Korean Arachnol. 17: 13-78.
Koch, C. L. 1837. Die Arachniden. Nürnberg, Dritter Band, pp. 105-119, Vierter Band, pp. 1-108.
Koch, C. L. 1836. Arachniden. In Herrich-Schäffer, G. A. W., Deutschlands Insekten. Heft 134-141.
Latreille, P. A. 1806. Genera crustaceorum et insectorum. Paris, tome 1, 302 pp. (Araneae, pp 82-127).
Logunov, D. V. 1992. A review of the spider genus Tmarus Simon, 1875 (Araneae, Thomisidae) in the USSR fauna, with a description of new species. Siberian biol. J. 1992(1): 61-73.
Lucas, H. 1846. Histoire naturelle des animaux articules. In Exploration scientifique de l'Algerie pendant les annees 1840, 1841, 1842 publiee par ordre du Gouvernement et avec le concours d'une commission academique. Paris, Sciences physiques, Zoologie, 1: 89-271
Mcheidze, T. S. 1997. [Spiders of Georgia: Systematics, Ecology, Zoogeographic Review]. Tbilisi Univ., 390 pp. (in Georgian).
Namkung, J. 2003. The Spiders of Korea, 2nd. ed. Kyo-Hak Publ. Co., Seoul, 648 pp.
Namkung, N. 2002. The spiders of Korea. Kyo-Hak Publishing Co., Seoul, 648 pp.
Ono, H. 1977. Thomisidae aus Japan I. Das Genus Tmarus Simon (Arachnida: Araneae). Acta arachn. Tokyo 27(Spec. No.): 61-84.
Paik, K. Y. 1973. Korean spiders of genus Tmarus (Araneae, Thomisidae). Thes. Coll. grad. Sch. Educ. Kyungpook natn. Univ. 4: 79-89.
Pavesi, P. 1879. Saggio di una fauna aracnologica del Varesotto. Atti Soc. ital. sci. nat. 21: 789-817.
Prószynski, J. & W. Starega. 1971. Paja
Roberts, M. J. 1998. Spinnengids. Tirion, Baarn, Netherlands, 397 pp.
Roberts, M. J. 1995. Collins Field Guide: Spiders of Britain & Northern Europe. HarperCollins, London, 383 pp.
Saito, S. 1936. Arachnida of Jehol. Araneida. Rep. First Sci. Exped. Manchoukuo (Sect. 5; Div. 1) 3: 1-88.
Saito, S. 1934. Spiders from Hokkaido. Jour. Fac. agric. Hokkaido Imp. Univ. 33: 267-362.
Simon, E. 1932. Les arachnides de France. Tome VI. Synopsis générale et catalogue des espèces françaises de l'ordre des Araneae; 4e partie. Paris, 6: 773-978.
Simon, E. 1895. Histoire naturelle des araignées. Paris, 1: 761-1084.
Simon, E. 1875. Les arachnides de France. Paris, 2: 1-350.
Song, D. X. 1987. Spiders from agricultural regions of China (Arachnida: Araneae). Agriculture Publishing House, Beijing, 376pp.
Song, D. X. & M. S. Zhu. 1997. Fauna Sinica: Arachnida: Araneae: Thomisidae, Philodromidae. Science Press, Beijing, viii + 259 pp.
Song, D. X., M. S. Zhu & J. Chen. 2001. The Fauna of Hebei, China: Araneae. Hebei Science Technol. Publ. House, 510 pp.
Song, D. X., M. S. Zhu & J. Chen. 1999. The Spiders of China. Hebei Sci. Technol. Publ. House, Shijiazhuang, 640 pp.
Taczanowski, W. 1867. Dodatek do spisu pajaków zebranych w okolicach Warszawy. Wykaz Szkoly Glownej Warszaw. 6: 18-21.
Urones, C. 1996. Precisiones taxonómicas sobre algunas especies de Thomisidae y Philodromidae (Araneae). Boln. Asoc. esp. Ent. 20: 31-39.
Walckenaer, C. A. 1842. Histoire naturelle des Insects. Aptères. Paris, 2: 1-549.
Walckenaer, C. A. 1837. Histoire naturelle des insectes. Aptères. Paris, 1: 1-682.
Walckenaer, C. A. 1805. Tableau des aranéides ou caractères essentiels des tribus, genres, familles et races que renferme le genre Aranea de Linné, avec la désignation des espèces comprises dans chacune de ces divisions. Paris, 88 pp.
Walckenaer, C. A. 1802. Faune parisienne. Insectes. ou Histoire abrégée des insectes de environs de Paris. Paris 2: 187-250.
Yaginuma, T. 1986. Spiders of Japan in color (new ed.). Hoikusha Publ. Co., Osaka.
Yuhara, S. 1931. Study of Spiders. Tokyo, 1930.
Zhang, W. S. (ed.). 1987. [Farm spiders from Hubei Province]. Hubei Sci. Tech. Press, 299 pp.
Zhu, C. D. & F. Z. Wang. 1963. [Thomisidae of China, I]. J. Jilin med. Univ. 5: 471-488.
Zhu, M. S., et al. (eds.). 1985. [Crop field spiders of Shanxi Province]. Agriculture Planning Committee of Shanxi Province.
†Nomenclature and taxonomic references from the World Spider Catalog accessible at http://research.amnh.org/entomology/spiders/catalog/THOMISIDAE.html
Other Nearctic Members of Genus Tmarus Simon, 1875‡‡
T. angulatus (Walckenaer, 1837) ...............USA, Canada
T. floridensis Keyserling, 1884 ...............USA
T. horvathi Kulczynski, 1895 ...............Palearctic
T. minutus Banks, 1904 ...............USA
T. rubromaculatus Keyserling, 1880 ...............USA
T. salai Schick, 1965 ...............USA
T. stellio Simon, 1875 ...............Palearctic
T. unicus Gertsch, 1936 ...............USA
‡‡May also include species with Palearctic distribution