Nearctic States & Provinces: CO CT NJ
Collection Locales Mapped by Year Collected:
The Nearctic Spider Database, http://www.canadianarachnology.org/data/spiders/22605
Amaurobius ferox (Walckenaer, 1830)
FAMILY: AMAUROBIIDAE Thorell, 1870
Genus: Amaurobius C. L. Koch, 1837
Species: Amaurobius ferox (Walckenaer, 1830)
Author of this page: Shorthouse, David P. (Page complete and awaiting review)
General Comments: This species is endemic to Europe.
Common Names
Family Common Name:
hackledmesh weavers
Genus Common Name:
none
Species Common Name:
none
Distribution
Global Distribution: Holarctic
Nearctic States & Provinces:
CO CT NJ
Collection Locales Mapped by Year Collected:
Natural History, Phenology & Image(s)
Feeding Guild:‡
sheet web builders
‡Feeding guild when noted defined by Uetz, G. W., J. Halaj, and A. B. Cady. 1999. Guild structure of spiders in major crops. Journal of Arachnology 27:270-280.
Recorded Habitats:
In or around houses, under stones, bricks, and boards.
Life & Natural History:
(not yet recorded or unknown)
Seasonality of Specimen Records:
Image(s) of Habitus:
Credit: Nieuwenhuys, Ed
Details About Males
Description:
Carapace pale orange and darkened slightly toward anterior end. Legs and palpi are same colour as the thoracic region of the carapace though palpi may be darker than legs. Chelicerae are solid orange and darker than cephalic region of carapace. Opisthosoma pale or dark grey. Dorsal surface with anterior, lateral stripes and either distinct or indistinct posterior chevrons.
Male Dimensions:
A+B = 12.5 mm
A = (not recorded)
C = (not recorded)
Image of External Male Genitalia:
(image not yet available)
Details About Females
Description:
Carapace is orange in thoracic region to red in cephalic region. Legs are much the same colour as the thoracic region of the carapace and are slightly darkened at their distal ends. Chelicerae are dark red-brown to black. Opisthosoma grey to grey-black and its dorsum with pale anterior, lateral stripes and posterior chevrons.
Female Dimensions:
A+B = 14 mm
A = (not recorded)
C = (not recorded)
Image of Epigynum:
(image not yet available)
Descriptions Source:
Leech, R. E. 1972. A revision of the Nearctic Amaurobiidae (Arachnida: Araneida). Mem. ent. Soc. Can. 84: 1-182.
Synonyms and Chresonyms†
| Amaurobius ferox Walckenaer 1830 |
| Clubiona ferox Walckenaer 1830 |
| Amaurobius cryptarum C. L. Koch 1837 |
| Clubiona ferox Walckenaer 1837 |
| Clubiona ferox nigra Walckenaer 1837 |
| Amaurobius ferox C. L. Koch 1839 |
| Amaurobius ferox L. Koch 1855 |
| Ciniflo ferox Blackwall 1859 |
| Ciniflo mordax Blackwall 1859 |
| Ciniflo ferox Blackwall 1861 |
| Ciniflo mordax Blackwall 1861 |
| Amaurobius ferox L. Koch 1868 |
| Amaurobius mordax Canestrini & Pavesi 1870 |
| Amaurobius ferox Menge 1871 |
| Amaurobius corsicus Simon 1874 |
| Amaurobius ferox Emerton 1888 |
| Amaurobius ferox Chyzer & Kulczynski 1891 |
| Amaurobius ferox Becker 1896 |
| Amaurobius peninsulanus Banks 1898 |
| Amaurobius ferox Bösenberg 1902 |
| Amaurobius ferox Emerton 1902 |
| Ciniflo ferox Lessert 1910 |
| Amaurobius ferox Comstock 1912 |
| Amaurobius ferox J. Berland 1913 |
| Amaurobius ferox Simon 1914 |
| Amaurobius ferox Reimoser 1929 |
| Amaurobius ferox Comstock 1940 |
| Amaurobius ferox Drensky 1940 |
| Amaurobius ferox Chamberlin 1947 |
| Amaurobius peninsulanus Chamberlin 1947 |
| Amaurobius ferox Kaston 1948 |
| Ciniflo ferox Locket & Millidge 1951 |
| Amaurobius ferox Wiehle 1953 |
| Amaurobius ferox Muller 1956 |
| Amaurobius ferox Buchar 1961 |
| Amaurobius ferox Hubert 1965 |
| Amaurobius ferox Braendegaard 1966 |
| Amaurobius ferox Czajka 1967 |
| Amaurobius ferox Lehtinen 1967 |
| Amaurobius ferox Loksa 1969 |
| Amaurobius ferox Leech 1971 |
| Amaurobius ferox Tyschchenko 1971 |
| Ciniflo ferox Miller 1971 |
| Amaurobius ferox Leech 1972 |
| Amaurobius ferox Dresco 1977 |
| Amaurobius ferox Roberts 1985 |
| Amaurobius ferox Heimer & Nentwig 1991 |
| Amaurobius ferox Pesarini 1991 |
| Amaurobius ferox Roberts 1995 |
| Amaurobius ferox Roberts 1998 |
| Amaurobius ferox Paquin & Dupérré 2003 |
| Amaurobius ferox Silva 2003 |
| Amaurobius ferox Almquist 2006 |
| Amaurobius ferox Jocqué & Dippenaar-Schoeman 2006 |
Taxonomic References†
Almquist, S. 2006. Swedish Araneae, part 2--families Dictynidae to Salticidae. Insect Syst. Ecol., Suppl. 63: 285-601.
Banks, N. 1898. Arachnida from Baja California and other parts of Mexico. Proc. Californ. Acad. Sci. (3) 1: 205-308.
Becker, L. 1896. Les arachnides de Belgique. Ann. Mus. Roy. Hist. nat. Belg. 12: 1-3788.
Berland, J. 1913. Note préliminaire sur le cribellum et le calamistrum des araignées cribellates et sur les moeurs de ces araignées. Arch. Zool. expér. gen. 51(Notes & Rev.): 23-41
Blackwall, J. 1861. A history of the spiders of Great Britain and Ireland. London, 1: 1-174.
Blackwall, J. 1859. Descriptions of six recently discovered species, and characters of a new genus of Araneida. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (3) 3: 91-98.
Bösenberg, W. 1902. Die Spinnen Deutschlands. II-IV. Zoologica (Stuttgart) 14: 97-384.
Braendegaard, J. 1966. Edderkopper: Eller Spindlere I. Danmarks Fauna 72: 1-224.
Buchar, J. 1961. Revision des vorkommens von seltenen Spinnenarten auf dem Gebiete von Böhmen. Acta Univ. Carolinae Biol. 1961: 87-101.
Canestrini, G. & P. Pavesi. 1870. Catalogo sistematico degli Araneidi italiano. Arch. zool. anat. fisiol. Bologna 2: 60-64 (separate, pp. 1-44).
Chamberlin, R. V. 1947. A summary of the known North American Amaurobiidae. Bull. Univ. Utah 38(8): 1-31.
Chyzer, C. & W. Kulczynski. 1891. Araneae Hungariae. Budapest, 1: 1-170.
Comstock, J. H. 1940. The spider book, revised and edited by W. J. Gertsch. Cornell Univ. Press, Ithaca, xi + 727 pp.
Comstock, J. H. 1912. The spider book; a manual for the study of the spiders and their near relatives, the scorpions, pseudoscorpions, whipscorpions, harvestmen and other members of the class Arachnida, found in America north of Mexico, with analytical keys for their classification and popular accounts of their habits. Garden City, New York, pp. 1-721
Czajka, M. 1967. Some new notes on Amaurobius jugorum L. Koch (Amaurobiidae, Araneae). Przegl. zool. 11: 404-407.
Drensky, P. 1940. Die Spinnenfauna Bulgariens IV. Mitt. Nat. Instit. Sofia 13: 169-194.
Dresco, E. 1977. Recherches sur les Amaurobius (Araneae, Amaurobiidae) et description de A. tessinensis sp. nov. du Tessin (Suisse). Revue suisse Zool. 84: 873-882.
Emerton, J. H. 1902. The common spiders of the United States. Boston, pp. 1-225.
Emerton, J. H. 1888. New England spiders of the family Ciniflonidae. Trans. Connect. Acad. Arts Sci. 7: 443-458.
Heimer, S. & W. Nentwig. 1991. Spinnen Mitteleuropas: Ein Bestimmungsbuch. Verlag Paul Parey, Berlin, 543 pp.
Hubert, M. 1965. Remarques sur quelques espèces d'araignées du genre Amaurobius C. Koch, 1837 et description d'une espèce nouvelle. Bull. Mus. natn. Hist. nat. Paris 36: 784-796.
Jocqué, R. & A. S. Dippenaar-Schoeman. 2006. Spider Families of the World. Musée Royal de l'Afrique Central, Tervuren, 336 pp.
Kaston, B. J. 1948. Spiders of Connecticut. Bull. Conn. St. geol. nat. Hist. Surv. 70: 1-874.
Koch, C. L. 1839. Die Arachniden. Nürnberg, Funfter Band, pp. 125-158, Sechster Band, pp. 1-156, Siebenter Band, pp. 1-106.
Koch, C. L. 1837. Übersicht des Arachnidensystems. Nürnberg, Heft 1, pp. 1-39.
Koch, L. 1868. Die Arachnidengattungen Amaurobius, Coelotes and Cybaeus. Abh. naturh. Ges. Nürnberg 4: 1-52.
Koch, L. 1855. Zur Charakteristik des Artenunterschiedes bei den Spinnen im allgemeinen und insbesondere der Gattung Amaurobius. Korresp.-blatt. zool.-miner. Ver. Regensburg 9: 158-168.
Leech, R. E. 1972. A revision of the Nearctic Amaurobiidae (Arachnida: Araneida). Mem. ent. Soc. Can. 84: 1-182.
Leech, R. E. 1971. The introduced Amaurobiidae of North America, and Callobius hokkaido n. sp. from Japan (Arachnida: Araneida). Can. Ent. 103: 23-32.
Lehtinen, P. T. 1967. Classification of the cribellate spiders and some allied families, with notes on the evolution of the suborder Araneomorpha. Ann. Zool. Fenn. 4: 199-468.
Lessert, R. de. 1910. Catalogue des invertebres de la Suisse. Fasc. 3, Araignées. Musée d'histoire naturelle de Genève, pp. 1-635.
Locket, G. H. & A. F. Millidge. 1951. British spiders. Ray Society, London, 1: 1-310.
Loksa, I. 1969. Araneae I. Fauna Hungariae 97: 1-133.
Menge, A. 1871. Preussische Spinnen. IV. Abtheilung. Schrift. naturf. Ges. Danzig (N. F.) 2: 265-296.
Miller, F. 1971. Pavouci-Araneida. Klíc zvíreny CSSR 4: 51-306.
Muller, L. 1956. Les cribellates dans le Grand-Duché de Luxembourg. Arch. Inst. Grand-Ducal Luxemb. 23: 195-207.
Paquin, P. & N. Dupérré. 2003. Guide d'identification des araignées de Québec. Fabreries, Suppl. 11 1-251.
Pesarini, C. 1991. The Amaurobiidae of northern Italy. Atti Soc. Ital. Sci. nat. Mus. civ. Stor. nat. Milano 131: 261-276.
Reimoser, E. 1929. Einheimische Spinnen 3-4. Die Natur (Wien) 5: 36-39, 62-65, 81-89.
Roberts, M. J. 1998. Spinnengids. Tirion, Baarn, Netherlands, 397 pp.
Roberts, M. J. 1995. Collins Field Guide: Spiders of Britain & Northern Europe. HarperCollins, London, 383 pp.
Roberts, M. J. 1985. The spiders of Great Britain and Ireland, Volume 1: Atypidae to Theridiosomatidae. Harley Books, Colchester, England.
Silva D., D. 2003. Higher-level relationships of the spider family Ctenidae (Araneae: Ctenoidea). Bull. Am. Mus. nat. Hist. 274 1-86.
Simon, E. 1914. Les arachnides de France. Synopsis générale et catalogue des espèces françaises de l'ordre des Araneae; 1re partie. Paris, 6: 1-308.
Simon, E. 1874. Les arachnides de France. Paris, 1: 1-272.
Tyschchenko, V. P. 1971. Opredelitel' paukov evropejskoj casti SSSR. Leningrad, pp. 1-281.
Walckenaer, C. A. 1837. Histoire naturelle des insectes. Aptères. Paris, 1: 1-682.
Walckenaer, C. A. 1830. Aranéides. In Faune française ou histoire naturelle générale et particulière des animaux qui se trouvent en France, constamment ou passagèrement, à la surface du sol, dans les eaux qui le baignent et dans le littoral des mers qui le bornent par Viellot, Desmarrey, Ducrotoy, Audinet, Lepelletier et Walckenaer. Paris, livr. 26: 97-175, livr. 29: 177-240.
Wiehle, H. 1953. Spinnentiere oder Arachnoidea (Araneae) IX: Orthognatha-Cribellatae-Haplogynae-Entelegynae (Pholcidae, Zodariidae, Oxyopidae, Mimetidae, Nesticidae). Tierwelt Deutschlands 42: i-viii, 1-150.
†Nomenclature and taxonomic references from the World Spider Catalog accessible at http://research.amnh.org/entomology/spiders/catalog/AMAUROBIIDAE.html
Natural History References
Leech, R. E. 1972. A revision of the Nearctic Amaurobiidae (Arachnida: Araneida). Mem. ent. Soc. Can. 84: 1-182.
Other Nearctic Members of Genus Amaurobius C. L. Koch, 1837‡‡
A. agastus (Chamberlin, 1947) ...............USA
A. barbaricus Leech, 1972 ...............USA
A. borealis Emerton, 1909 ...............USA, Canada
A. corruptus Leech, 1972 ...............USA
A. diablo Leech, 1972 ...............USA
A. distortus Leech, 1972 ...............USA
A. dorotheae (Chamberlin, 1947) ...............USA
A. galeritus Leech, 1972 ...............USA
A. hagiellus (Chamberlin, 1947) ...............USA
A. heathi (Chamberlin, 1947) ...............USA
A. intermedius Leech, 1972 ...............USA
A. latescens (Chamberlin, 1919) ...............USA
A. leechi Brignoli, 1983 ...............USA
A. mathetes (Chamberlin, 1947) ...............USA
A. mephisto (Chamberlin, 1947) ...............USA
A. minutus Leech, 1972 ...............USA
A. palomar Leech, 1972 ...............USA
A. prosopidus Leech, 1972 ...............USA
A. similis (Blackwall, 1861) ...............Holarctic
A. tamalpais Leech, 1972 ...............USA
A. transversus Leech, 1972 ...............USA
A. triangularis Leech, 1972 ...............USA
A. tulare Leech, 1972 ...............USA
A. vexans Leech, 1972 ...............USA
‡‡May also include species with Palearctic distribution
Page Reference:
Shorthouse, David P. submitted. Taxonomic and natural history description of FAM: AMAUROBIIDAE, Amaurobius ferox (Walckenaer, 1830).
In: The Nearctic Spider Database. David P. Shorthouse (editor). World Wide Web electronic publication. Direct link: http://www.canadianarachnology.org/data/spiders/22605 (Accessed: 7/25/2008 10:38:01 AM).
Author Email Address: dshorthouse@eol.org
Text Last Modified: 2005-07-31T22:16:27Z