Natural History, Phenology & Image(s)
Feeding Guild:‡
ground runners
‡Feeding guild when noted defined by Uetz, G. W., J. Halaj, and A. B. Cady. 1999. Guild structure of spiders in major crops. Journal of Arachnology 27:270-280.
Recorded Habitats:
(not yet recorded or unknown)
Life & Natural History:
(not yet recorded or unknown)
Image(s) of Habitus:
Credit: Nieuwenhuys, Ed
Details About Males
Description:
(not yet recorded or unknown)
Image of External Male Genitalia:
(image not yet available)
Details About Females
Description:
(not yet recorded or unknown)
Image of Epigynum:
(image not yet available)
Synonyms and Chresonyms†
| Aranea chelata Müller 1764 |
| Aranea dorsalis Fabricius 1775 |
| Aranea lugubris Walckenaer 1802 |
| Pardosa lugubris Walckenaer 1802 |
| Lycosa lugubris Walckenaer 1805 |
| Lycosa silvicola Sundevall 1833 |
| Lycosa lugubris Walckenaer 1837 |
| Lycosa silvicola Westring 1861 |
| Pardosa silvicola Zimmermann 1871 |
| Lycosa silvicola Thorell 1872 |
| Pardosa lugubris Simon 1876 |
| Lycosa nigriceps Menge 1879 |
| Lycosa silvicola Menge 1879 |
| Lycosa nemoralis Bertkau 1880 |
| Pardosa lugubris Becker 1882 |
| Lycosa lugubris Chyzer & Kulczynski 1891 |
| Lycosa blanca Wagner 1894 |
| Lycosa lugubris arctica Strand 1906 |
| Lycosa chelata Dahl & Dahl 1927 |
| Lycosa chelata Reimoser 1930 |
| Lycosa lugubris Bristowe 1933 |
| Pardosa lugubris Simon 1937 |
| Lycosa chelata Palmgren 1939 |
| Lycosa lugubris Holm 1947 |
| Lycosa chelata Muller 1955 |
| Lycosa lugbris Yaginuma 1957 |
| Pardosa lugubris Wiebes 1959 |
| Pardosa lugbris Yaginuma 1960 |
| Lycosa lugubris Lehtinen & Kleemola 1962 |
| Pardosa lugubris Azheganova 1968 |
| Pardosa barndti Wunderlich 1969 |
| Pardosa lugubris Wunderlich 1969 |
| Pardosa lugubris Azheganova 1971 |
| Pardosa lugubris Fuhn & Niculescu-Burlacu 1971 |
| Pardosa lugubris Miller 1971 |
| Pardosa lugubris Yaginuma 1971 |
| Pardosa lugubris Loksa 1972 |
| Pardosa lugubris Namkung, Paik & Yoon 1972 |
| Pardosa lugubris Traciuc 1973 |
| Pardosa lugubris Ovtsharenko 1979 |
| Pardosa lugubris Zyuzin 1979 |
| Pardosa lugubris Oliger 1981 |
| Pardosa lugubris Kronestedt 1984 |
| Pardosa lugubris Wunderlich 1984 |
| Pardosa lugubris Zyuzin 1985 |
| Pardosa lugubris Yaginuma 1986 |
| Pardosa lugubris Chikuni 1989 |
| Pardosa lugubris Izmailova 1989 |
| Pardosa lugubris Töpfer-Hofmann & von Helversen 1990 |
| Pardosa lugubris Heimer & Nentwig 1991 |
| Pardosa lugubris Tanaka 1993 |
| Pardosa lugubris Suhm & Alberti 1996 |
| Pardosa lugubris Bellmann 1997 |
| Pardosa lugubris Kim & Yoo 1997 |
| Pardosa lugubris Mcheidze 1997 |
| Pardosa lugubris Roberts 1998 |
| Pardosa lugubris Kronestedt 1999 |
| Pardosa lugubris Töpfer-Hofmann, Cordes & von Helversen 2000 |
| Pardosa lugbris Yoo & Kim 2002 |
| Pardosa lugubris Kim & Cho 2002 |
| Pardosa lugubris Namkung 2002 |
| Pardosa lugubris Namkung 2003 |
| Pardosa lugubris Harvey 2004 |
| Pardosa lugubris Almquist 2005 |
Taxonomic References†
Almquist, S. 2005. Swedish Araneae, part 1: families Atypidae to Hahniidae (Linyphiidae excluded). Insect Syst. Ecol., Suppl. 62: 1-284.
Azheganova, N. S. 1971. Pauki-volki (Lycosidae): Permskoi oblasti. Perm, Ministerstvo prosveshcheniya RSFSR, pp. 1-21.
Azheganova, N. S. 1968. Kratkii opredelitel' paukov (Aranei) lesnoi i lesostepnoi zony SSSR. Akademia Nauk SSSR, pp. 1-149.
Becker, L. 1882. Les Arachnides de Belgique. I. Ann. Mus. Roy. Hist. natur. Belg. 10: 1-246.
Bellmann, H. 1997. Kosmos-Atlas Spinnentiere Europas. Frankh-Kosmos Verlag, Stuttgart, 304 pp.
Bertkau, P. 1880. Verzeichniss der bisher bei Bonn beobachteten Spinnen. Verh. naturh. Ver. preuss. Rheinl. Westfal. 37: 215-343.
Bristowe, W. S. 1933. Notes on the biology of spiders. VIII. Rare spiders and the meaning of the word rare. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (10) 11: 279-289.
Chikuni, Y. 1989. Pictorial Encyclopedia of Spiders in Japan. Kaisei-sha Publ. Co., Tokyo, 310 pp.
Chyzer, C. & W. Kulczynski. 1891. Araneae Hungariae. Budapest, 1: 1-170.
Dahl, F. & M. Dahl. 1927. Spinnentiere oder Arachnoidea. Lycosidae s. lat. (Wolfspinnen im weiteren Sinne). In Die Tierwelt Deutschlands. Jena, 5: 1-80.
Fabricius, J. C. 1775. Systema entomologiae, sistens insectorum classes, ordines, genera, species, adiectis, synonymis, locis descriptionibus observationibus. Flensburg and Lipsiae, 832 pp. (Araneae, pp. 431-441).
Fuhn, I. E. & F. Niculescu-Burlacu. 1971. Fam. Lycosidae. Fauna Republicii Socialiste România (Arachnida) 5(3): 1-253.
Harvey, P. 2004. Pardosa lugubris sensu stricto in Britain. Newsl. Br. arachnol. Soc. 101: 8-9.
Heimer, S. & W. Nentwig. 1991. Spinnen Mitteleuropas: Ein Bestimmungsbuch. Verlag Paul Parey, Berlin, 543 pp.
Holm, Å. 1947. Svensk Spindelfauna III. Oxyopidae, Lycosidae, Pisauridae. Stockholm, pp. 1-48.
Izmailova, M. V. 1989. [Fauna of Spiders of South Part of Eastern Siberia]. Irkutsk, State Univ. Publ., 184 pp.
Kim, J. P. & J. H. Cho. 2002. Spider: Natural Enemy & Resources. Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 424 pp.
Kim, J. P. & J. S. Yoo. 1997. Korean spiders of the genus Pardosa C. L. Koch, 1848 (Araneae: Lycosidae). Korean Arachnol. 13(1): 31-45.
Kronestedt, T. 1999. A new species in the Pardosa lugubris group from central Europe (Arachnida, Araneae, Lycosidae). Spixiana 22: 1-11.
Kronestedt, T. 1984. Ljudalstring hos vargspindeln Hygrolycosa rubrofasciata. Fauna Flora, Upps. 79: 97-107.
Lehtinen, P. T. & A. Kleemola. 1962. Studies on the spider fauna of the southwestern archipelago of Finland. I. Arch. Soc. Vanamo 16: 97-114.
Loksa, I. 1972. Araneae II. Fauna Hungariae 109: 1-112.
Mcheidze, T. S. 1997. [Spiders of Georgia: Systematics, Ecology, Zoogeographic Review]. Tbilisi Univ., 390 pp. (in Georgian).
Menge, A. 1879. Preussische Spinnen. X. Fortsetzung. Schrift. naturf. Ges. Danzig (N. F.) 4: 495-560.
Miller, F. 1971. Pavouci-Araneida. Klíc zvíreny CSSR 4: 51-306.
Muller, L. 1955. Les lycosides et les familles apparentées dans le Grand-Duché de Luxembourg. Arch. Inst. Grand-Ducal Luxemb. 22: 153-173.
Müller, O. F. 1764. Fauna insectorum fridrichsdalina, sive methodica descriptio insectorum agri fridrichsdalensis cum characteribus genericis et specificus nominibus trivialibus, locis natalibus, iconibus allegatis, novisque pluribus speciebus additis. Hafniae, 24 +
Namkung, J. 2003. The Spiders of Korea, 2nd. ed. Kyo-Hak Publ. Co., Seoul, 648 pp.
Namkung, J., W. H. Paik & K. I. Yoon. 1972. The spider fauna of Mt. Jiri, Cholla-namdo, Korea. Korean J. Pl. Prot. 11: 91-99.
Namkung, N. 2002. The spiders of Korea. Kyo-Hak Publishing Co., Seoul, 648 pp.
Oliger, T. I. 1981. [On the spider fauna of the Laso State Reservation]. In Spiders and insects of the USSR Far East. Vladivostok, pp. 3-10.
Ovtsharenko, V. I. 1979. Spiders of the families Gnaphosidae, Thomisidae, Lycosidae (Aranei) in the Great Caucasus. Trudy zool. Inst. Leningrad 85: 39-53.
Palmgren, P. 1939. Die Spinnenfauna Finnlands. I. Lycosidae. Acta Zool. Fennica 25: 1-86.
Reimoser, E. 1930. Einheimische Spinnen 5. Die Natur (Wien) 6: 9-15, 53-58.
Roberts, M. J. 1998. Spinnengids. Tirion, Baarn, Netherlands, 397 pp.
Simon, E. 1937. Les arachnides de France. Tome VI. Synopsis générale et catalogue des espèces françaises de l'ordre des Araneae; 5e et derniére partie. Paris, 6: 979-1298.
Simon, E. 1876. Les arachnides de France. Paris, 3: 1-364.
Strand, E. 1906. Die arktischen Araneae, Opiliones und Chernetes. In Römer-Schaudinn, Fauna Arctica. Jena, 4: 431-478.
Suhm, M. & G. Alberti. 1996. The fine structure of the spermatheca of Pardosa lugubris (Walckenaer, 1802). Rev. suisse Zool., vol. hors série 2: 635-642.
Sundevall, J. C. 1833. Svenska spindlarnes beskrifning. Fortsättning och slut. Kongl. Svenska Vet. Ak. Handl. 1832: 172-272.
Tanaka, H. 1993. Lycosid spiders of Japan IX. The genus Pardosa C. L. Koch - amentata-group. Sonoda women's Coll. Stud. 27: 261-318.
Thorell, T. 1872. Remarks on synonyms of European spiders. Part III. Upsala, pp. 229-374.
Töpfer-Hofmann, G. & O. von Helversen. 1990. Four species of the Pardosa lugubris-group in central Europe (Araneae, Lycosidae) - A preliminary report. Bull. Soc. europ. Arachnol. 1: 349-352.
Töpfer-Hofmann, G., D. Cordes & O. von Helversen. 2000. Cryptic species and behavioural isolation in the Pardosa lugubris group (Araneae, Lycosidae), with description of two new species. Bull. Br. arachnol. Soc. 11: 257-274.
Traciuc, E. 1973. Développement post-embryonnaire du système génital des espèces Xysticus cambridgei, Pardosa lugubris et Steatoda castanea (Arachnida, Araneae). Zool. Jb. Anat. 90: 360-370.
Wagner, W., A. 1894. L'industrie des Araneina. Mém. Acad. imp. sci. St.-Petersb. (7) 42(11): 1-270.
Walckenaer, C. A. 1837. Histoire naturelle des insectes. Aptères. Paris, 1: 1-682.
Walckenaer, C. A. 1805. Tableau des aranéides ou caractères essentiels des tribus, genres, familles et races que renferme le genre Aranea de Linné, avec la désignation des espèces comprises dans chacune de ces divisions. Paris, 88 pp.
Walckenaer, C. A. 1802. Faune parisienne. Insectes. ou Histoire abrégée des insectes de environs de Paris. Paris 2: 187-250.
Westring, N. 1861. Araneae svecieae. Göteb. Kongl. Vet. Handl. 7: 1-615.
Wiebes, J. T. 1959. The Lycosidae and Pisauridae (Araneae) of the Netherlands. Zool. Verh. Leiden 42: 1-78.
Wunderlich, J. 1984. Beschreibung der Wolfsspinne Pardosa pseudolugubris n. sp. und Revision der Pardosa amentata-Gruppe, zugleich ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis der innerartlichen Variabilität bei Spinnen (Arachnida: Araneae: Lycosidae). Neue ent. Z. 10: 1-15.
Wunderlich, J. 1969. Zur Spinnenfauna Deutschlands, IX. Beschreibung seltener oder bisher unbekannter Arten (Arachnida: Araneae). Senckenberg. biol. 50: 381-393.
Yaginuma, T. 1986. Spiders of Japan in color (new ed.). Hoikusha Publ. Co., Osaka.
Yaginuma, T. 1971. Spiders of Japan in colour (enlarged and revised edition). Hoikusha, Osaka, 197 pp.
Yaginuma, T. 1960. Spiders of Japan in colour. Hoikusha, Osaka, 186 pp.
Yaginuma, T. 1957. Spiders from Hokkaido and Rishiri Island. Acta arachn. Tokyo 14: 51-61.
Yoo, J. C. & J. P. Kim. 2002. Studies on basic pattern and evolution of male palpal organ (Arachnida: Araneae). Korean Arachnol. 18: 13-31.
Zimmermann, H. 1871. Die Spinnen der Umgegend von Niesky. Verzechniss I : Ein Beitrag zur Kentnis der Arachniden fauna der Oberlausitz. Abh. naturf. Ges. Görlitz 14: 69-137.
Zyuzin, A. A. 1985. Generic and subfamilial criteria in the systematics of the spider family Lycosidae (Aranei), with the description of a new genus and two new subfamilies. Trudy zool. Inst. Leningr. 139: 40-51.
Zyuzin, A. A. 1985. [Stational distribution of wolf-spiders of the genus Pardosa C. L. Koch (Aranei, Lycosidae) in Dnepropetrovsk area. In Voprosy stepnogo lesovedeniya i nauchnye osnovy lesnoy rekultivatsii zemel. Dnepropetrovsk, pp. 155-161.
Zyuzin, A. A. 1979. A taxonomic study of Palearctic spiders of the genus Pardosa (Aranei, Lycosidae). Part 1. The taxonomic structure of the genus. Ent. Obozr. 58: 431-447.
†Nomenclature and taxonomic references from the World Spider Catalog accessible at http://research.amnh.org/entomology/spiders/catalog/LYCOSIDAE.html
Other Nearctic Members of Genus Pardosa C. L. Koch, 1847‡‡
P. agrestis (Westring, 1861) ...............Palearctic
P. albomaculata Emerton, 1885 ...............USA, Canada, Alaska, Greenland
P. algens (Kulczynski, 1908) ...............Canada, Alaska, Russia
P. altamontis Chamberlin & Ivie, 1946 ...............USA, Canada
P. anomala Gertsch, 1933 ...............USA, Canada
P. atlantica Emerton, 1913 ...............USA
P. atrata (Thorell, 1873) ...............Palearctic
P. bellona Banks, 1898 ...............USA, Mexico
P. beringiana Dondale & Redner, 1987 ...............Canada, Alaska
P. bifasciata (C. L. Koch, 1834) ...............Palearctic
P. blanda (C. L. Koch, 1833) ...............Palearctic
P. bucklei Kronestedt, 1975 ...............USA, Canada
P. californica Keyserling, 1887 ...............USA, Mexico
P. coloradensis Banks, 1894 ...............USA, Canada, Alaska
P. concinna (Thorell, 1877) ...............USA, Canada
P. confusa Kronestedt, 1988 ...............USA
P. crassistyla Kronestedt, 1988 ...............USA
P. delicatula Gertsch & Wallace, 1935 ...............USA, Mexico
P. distincta (Blackwall, 1846) ...............USA, Canada
P. diuturna Fox, 1937 ...............Canada, Alaska
P. dorsalis Banks, 1894 ...............USA, Canada
P. dorsuncata Lowrie & Dondale, 1981 ...............USA, Canada, Alaska
P. dromaea (Thorell, 1878) ...............USA, Canada
P. eiseni (Thorell, 1875) ...............Palearctic
P. falcifera F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1902 ...............USA to Costa Rica
P. ferruginea (L. Koch, 1870) ...............Palearctic
P. floridana (Banks, 1896) ...............USA, Cuba
P. fulvipes (Collett, 1876) ...............Palearctic
P. furcifera (Thorell, 1875) ...............Canada, Alaska, Greenland, Iceland
P. fuscula (Thorell, 1875) ...............USA, Canada, Alaska
P. glacialis (Thorell, 1872) ...............Holarctic
P. gothicana Lowrie & Dondale, 1981 ...............USA
P. groenlandica (Thorell, 1872) ...............USA, Canada, Alaska, Greenland
P. hetchi Chamberlin & Ivie, 1942 ...............USA
P. hortensis (Thorell, 1872) ...............Palearctic
P. hyperborea (Thorell, 1872) ...............Holarctic
P. josemitensis (Strand, 1908) ...............USA
P. knappi Dondale, 2007 ...............USA
P. labradorensis (Thorell, 1875) ...............USA, Canada
P. lapidicina Emerton, 1885 ...............USA, Canada
P. lapponica (Thorell, 1872) ...............Holarctic
P. lasciva L. Koch, 1879 ...............Palearctic
P. littoralis Banks, 1896 ...............USA, Canada, Cuba
P. lowriei Kronestedt, 1975 ...............USA, Canada, Alaska
P. luctinosa Simon, 1876 ...............Palearctic
P. mackenziana (Keyserling, 1877) ...............USA, Canada, Alaska
P. mercurialis Montgomery, 1904 ...............USA
P. metlakatla Emerton, 1917 ...............USA, Canada, Alaska
P. milvina (Hentz, 1844) ...............USA, Canada
P. mixta (Kulczynski, 1887) ...............Palearctic
P. modica (Blackwall, 1846) ...............USA, Canada
P. moesta Banks, 1892 ...............USA, Canada, Alaska
P. montgomeryi Gertsch, 1934 ...............USA, Mexico
P. monticola (Clerck, 1757) ...............Palearctic
P. mulaiki Gertsch, 1934 ...............USA, Canada
P. nebulosa (Thorell, 1872) ...............Palearctic
P. nigra (C. L. Koch, 1834) ...............Palearctic
P. nordicolens Chamberlin & Ivie, 1947 ...............Canada, Alaska, Russia
P. ontariensis Gertsch, 1933 ...............USA, Canada
P. orophila Gertsch, 1933 ...............USA, Mexico
P. orthodox Chamberlin, 1924 ...............USA, Mexico
P. ourayensis Gertsch, 1933 ...............USA
P. paludicola (Clerck, 1757) ...............Palearctic
P. palustris (Linnaeus, 1758) ...............Holarctic
P. palustris islandica (Strand, 1906) ...............Iceland
P. parvula Banks, 1904 ...............USA
P. pauxilla Montgomery, 1904 ...............USA
P. pedia Dondale, 2007 ...............Canada
P. plumipes (Thorell, 1875) ...............Palearctic
P. podhorskii (Kulczynski, 1907) ...............Canada, Alaska, Russia
P. prosaica Chamberlin & Ivie, 1947 ...............Russia, Alaska, Canada
P. proxima (C. L. Koch, 1847) ...............Palearctic, Canary Is., Azores
P. rainieriana Lowrie & Dondale, 1981 ...............USA, Canada
P. ramulosa (McCook, 1894) ...............USA, Mexico
P. riparia (C. L. Koch, 1833) ...............Palearctic
P. saltonia Dondale & Redner, 1984 ...............USA, Mexico
P. saxatilis (Hentz, 1844) ...............USA, Canada
P. schenkeli Lessert, 1904 ...............Palearctic
P. septentrionalis (Westring, 1861) ...............Northern Palearctic
P. sierra Banks, 1898 ...............USA, Mexico
P. sinistra (Thorell, 1877) ...............USA, Canada
P. sodalis Holm, 1970 ...............Canada, Alaska, Russia
P. sordidata (Thorell, 1875) ...............Palearctic
P. sternalis (Thorell, 1877) ...............North America
P. steva Lowrie & Gertsch, 1955 ...............North America
P. tatarica (Thorell, 1875) ...............Palearctic
P. tesquorum (Odenwall, 1901) ...............Russia, Mongolia, China, USA, Canada, Alaska
P. tetonensis Gertsch, 1933 ...............USA
P. tristis (Thorell, 1877) ...............USA, Canada
P. tuoba Chamberlin, 1919 ...............USA
P. uintana Gertsch, 1933 ...............USA, Canada, Alaska
P. uncata (Thorell, 1877) ...............USA
P. utahensis Chamberlin, 1919 ...............USA
P. vadosa Barnes, 1959 ...............USA, Mexico
P. valens Barnes, 1959 ...............USA, Mexico
P. vancouveri Emerton, 1917 ...............USA, Canada
P. vogelae Kronestedt, 1993 ...............USA
P. wagleri (Hahn, 1822) ...............Palearctic
P. wasatchensis Gertsch, 1933 ...............USA
P. wyuta Gertsch, 1934 ...............USA, Canada
P. xerampelina (Keyserling, 1877) ...............USA, Canada, Alaska
P. xerophila Vogel, 1964 ...............USA, Mexico
P. yavapa Chamberlin, 1925 ...............USA
P. zionis Chamberlin & Ivie, 1942 ...............USA
‡‡May also include species with Palearctic distribution