Nearctic States & Provinces: AB BC ON CO ID MT UT WY
Collection Locales Mapped by Year Collected:
The Nearctic Spider Database, http://www.canadianarachnology.org/data/spiders/18670
Pardosa groenlandica (Thorell, 1872)
FAMILY: LYCOSIDAE Sundevall, 1833
Genus: Pardosa C. L. Koch, 1847
Species: Pardosa groenlandica (Thorell, 1872)
Author of this page: Pinzon, Jaime (Page complete and awaiting review)
Common Names
Family Common Name:
wolf spiders
Genus Common Name:
thinlegged wolf spiders
Species Common Name:
none
Distribution
Global Distribution: USA, Canada, Alaska, Greenland
Nearctic States & Provinces:
AB BC ON CO ID MT UT WY
Collection Locales Mapped by Year Collected:
Natural History, Phenology & Image(s)
Feeding Guild:‡
ground runners
‡Feeding guild when noted defined by Uetz, G. W., J. Halaj, and A. B. Cady. 1999. Guild structure of spiders in major crops. Journal of Arachnology 27:270-280.
Recorded Habitats:
This is a common ground-dwelling species (Hackman, 1954; Aitchison-Benell & Dondale, 1990), found mostly in open areas (roadsides, fields, bare rocks, etc.) or near water, in beaches (Dondale, 1999), bogs, swamps.
Life & Natural History:
Proportion of sexes are almost the same in July (Pickavance, 2001) in accordance to observed mating events in the same month (Dondale, 1999), though early mating can occur because egg sacs are reported from late May to mid September (Dondale & Redner, 1990). This species has been reported as biennial (Dondale & Redner, 1990; Dondale, 1999; Pickavance, 2001). Immatures overwinter and reach their penultimate instar during the following summer. They remain as subadults until the third summer (two immature cohorts present at the end of each year, one of subadult individuals and one of early instars), having a life cycle from hatching to maturity of 23 months (Dondale, 1999). However, it is suggested that some individuals could be triennial for those late hatching cocoons (Pickavance, 2001).
Seasonality of Specimen Records:
Image(s) of Habitus:
Credit: Pinzon, Jaime
Details About Males
Description:
Carapace broad, narrow at eye area, dark brown to dark reddish (darker at eye region) with three to four light brown spots on each side. Dorsal mid line light brown, lighter and broader around thoracic groove. Mouthparts: Chelicerae long, hairy and dark brown, endites and labium dusky light brown. Sternum darker with an atero-median light patch narrowing to the center. Coxae light brown, lighter at the base, legs brown, lighter in apical segments and often with longitudinal light brown stains, especially on femora and tibia. Abdomen dark brown with a dorsal longitudinal anterior light patch; ventrally yellowish brown. Palp: Terminal apophysis elongated, curved and pointed apically, embolus long and curved, median apophysis small with two projections, anterior projection smaller and rounded, posterior projection longer and beak-like.
Male Dimensions:
A+B = 8.7 mm
A = 4.25 mm
C = 3.31 mm
Image of External Male Genitalia:
Credit: Pinzon, Jaime
Details About Females
Description:
Similar in size and coloration pattern as in males but lighter, venter of abdomen lighter and light yellow anteriorly. Epigynum: Longer than wide, broader posteriorly (triangular shape), median septum prominent, narrow in its anterior portion, lateral plates arched on each side with two swellings. Posterior swelling broad, cavity sclerites with anterior margin convex, atrium longer than wide.
Female Dimensions:
A+B = 9.42 mm
A = 4.3 mm
C = 3.41 mm
Image of Epigynum:
Credit: Pinzon, Jaime
Synonyms and Chresonyms†
| Lycosa groenlandica Thorell 1872 |
| Pardosa groenlandica Thorell 1872 |
| Lycosa iracunda Thorell 1877 |
| Pardosa greenlandica Emerton 1902 |
| Pardosa groenlandica Chamberlin 1908 |
| Lycosa groenlandica Jackson 1933 |
| Pardosa groenlandica Gertsch 1933 |
| Lycosa groenlandica Holm 1939 |
| Pardosa groenlandica Comstock 1940 |
| Pardosa groenlandica Braendegaard 1946 |
| Pardosa groenlandica Levi 1951 |
| Pardosa groenlandica Levi & Field 1954 |
| Pardosa groenlandica Kronestedt 1975 |
| Pardosa groenlandica Dondale & Redner 1990 |
| Pardosa groenlandica Dondale 1999 |
| Pardosa groenlandica Paquin & Dupérré 2003 |
| Pardosa groenlandica Vogel 2004 |
Taxonomic References†
Braendegaard, J. 1946. The spiders (Araneina) of East Greenland: A faunistic and zoogeographical investigation. Meddr Grønland 121(15): 1-128.
Buchar, J. 1971. Die Verwandtschaftsbeziehungen der Art Pardosa cincta (Kulczynski) (Araneae, Lycosidae). Acta Univ. Carol. Biol. 1970: 121-129.
Chamberlin, R. V. 1908. Revision of North American spiders of the family Lycosidae. Proc. Acad. nat. Sci. Philad. 60: 158-318.
Comstock, J. H. 1940. The spider book, revised and edited by W. J. Gertsch. Cornell Univ. Press, Ithaca, xi + 727 pp.
Dondale, C. D. 1999. Revision of the groenlandica subgroup of the genus Pardosa (Araneae, Lycosidae). J. Arachnol. 27: 435-448.
Dondale, C. D. & J. H. Redner. 1990. The insects and arachnids of Canada, Part 17. The wolf spiders, nurseryweb spiders, and lynx spiders of Canada and Alaska, Araneae: Lycosidae, Pisauridae, and Oxyopidae. Research Branch, Agriculture Canada, Publ. 1856: 1-383.
Emerton, J. H. 1902. The common spiders of the United States. Boston, pp. 1-225.
Emerton, J. H. 1894. Canadian spiders. Trans. Connect. Acad. Arts Sci. 9: 400-429.
Gertsch, W. J. 1933. New genera and species of North American spiders. Amer. Mus. Novit. 636: 1-28.
Holm, Å. 1939. Araneae. In Hale Carpenter, G. D., & Å. Holm, Insecta and Araneae collected in the Kangerdlugsuak Region of East Greenland by the British Expedition, 1935-36. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (11) 3: 72-80.
Jackson, A. R. 1933. Results of the Oxford University Expedition to Akpatok in 1931. Araneae. Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1933(1): 145-159.
Kronestedt, T. 1975. Studies on species of Holarctic Pardosa groups (Araneae, Lycosidae). I. Redescriptions of Pardosa albomaculata Emerton and description of two new species from North America, with comments on some taxonomic characters. Zoologica Scr. <
Levi, H. W. 1951. New and rare spiders from Wisconsin and adjacent states. Am. Mus. Novit. 1501: 1-41.
Levi, H. W. & H. M. Field. 1954. The spiders of Wisconsin. Am. Midl. Nat. 51: 440-467.
Paquin, P. & N. Dupérré. 2003. Guide d'identification des araignées de Québec. Fabreries, Suppl. 11 1-251.
Thorell, T. 1877. Descriptions of the Araneae collected in Colorado in 1875, by A. S. Packard jun., M.D. Bull. U. S. geol. Surv. 3: 477-529.
Thorell, T. 1872. Om några Arachnider från Grönland. Öfvers. Kongl. vet. Akad. Förh. 29: 147-166.
Vogel, B. R. 2004. A review of the spider genera Pardosa and Acantholycosa (Araneae, Lycosidae) of the 48 contiguous United States. J. Arachnol. 32: 55-108.
†Nomenclature and taxonomic references from the World Spider Catalog accessible at http://research.amnh.org/entomology/spiders/catalog/LYCOSIDAE.html
Natural History References
Aitchison-Benell, C. W. & C. D. Dondale. 1990. A checklist of Manitoba spiders (Araneae) with notes on geographic relationships. Naturaliste can. 117: 215-237.
Dondale, C. D. 1999. Revision of the groenlandica subgroup of the genus Pardosa (Araneae, Lycosidae). J. Arachnol. 27: 435-448.
Dondale, C. D. & J. H. Redner. 1990. The insects and arachnids of Canada, Part 17. The wolf spiders, nurseryweb spiders, and lynx spiders of Canada and Alaska, Araneae: Lycosidae, Pisauridae, and Oxyopidae. Research Branch, Agriculture Canada, Publ. 1856: 1-383.
Hackman, W. 1954. The spiders of Newfoundland. Acta zool. fenn. 79: 1-99.
Pickavance, R. 2001. Life-cycles of four species of Pardosa (Araneae, Lycosidae) from the island of Newfoundland, Canada. Journal of Arachnology 29: 367-377.
Other Nearctic Members of Genus Pardosa C. L. Koch, 1847‡‡
P. agrestis (Westring, 1861) ...............Palearctic
P. albomaculata Emerton, 1885 ...............USA, Canada, Alaska, Greenland
P. algens (Kulczynski, 1908) ...............Canada, Alaska, Russia
P. altamontis Chamberlin & Ivie, 1946 ...............USA, Canada
P. anomala Gertsch, 1933 ...............USA, Canada
P. atlantica Emerton, 1913 ...............USA
P. atrata (Thorell, 1873) ...............Palearctic
P. bellona Banks, 1898 ...............USA, Mexico
P. beringiana Dondale & Redner, 1987 ...............Canada, Alaska
P. bifasciata (C. L. Koch, 1834) ...............Palearctic
P. blanda (C. L. Koch, 1833) ...............Palearctic
P. bucklei Kronestedt, 1975 ...............USA, Canada
P. californica Keyserling, 1887 ...............USA, Mexico
P. coloradensis Banks, 1894 ...............USA, Canada, Alaska
P. concinna (Thorell, 1877) ...............USA, Canada
P. confusa Kronestedt, 1988 ...............USA
P. crassistyla Kronestedt, 1988 ...............USA
P. delicatula Gertsch & Wallace, 1935 ...............USA, Mexico
P. distincta (Blackwall, 1846) ...............USA, Canada
P. diuturna Fox, 1937 ...............Canada, Alaska
P. dorsalis Banks, 1894 ...............USA, Canada
P. dorsuncata Lowrie & Dondale, 1981 ...............USA, Canada, Alaska
P. dromaea (Thorell, 1878) ...............USA, Canada
P. eiseni (Thorell, 1875) ...............Palearctic
P. falcifera F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1902 ...............USA to Costa Rica
P. ferruginea (L. Koch, 1870) ...............Palearctic
P. floridana (Banks, 1896) ...............USA, Cuba
P. fulvipes (Collett, 1876) ...............Palearctic
P. furcifera (Thorell, 1875) ...............Canada, Alaska, Greenland, Iceland
P. fuscula (Thorell, 1875) ...............USA, Canada, Alaska
P. glacialis (Thorell, 1872) ...............Holarctic
P. gothicana Lowrie & Dondale, 1981 ...............USA
P. hetchi Chamberlin & Ivie, 1942 ...............USA
P. hortensis (Thorell, 1872) ...............Palearctic
P. hyperborea (Thorell, 1872) ...............Holarctic
P. josemitensis (Strand, 1908) ...............USA
P. knappi Dondale, 2007 ...............USA
P. labradorensis (Thorell, 1875) ...............USA, Canada
P. lapidicina Emerton, 1885 ...............USA, Canada
P. lapponica (Thorell, 1872) ...............Holarctic
P. lasciva L. Koch, 1879 ...............Palearctic
P. littoralis Banks, 1896 ...............USA, Canada, Cuba
P. lowriei Kronestedt, 1975 ...............USA, Canada, Alaska
P. luctinosa Simon, 1876 ...............Palearctic
P. lugubris (Walckenaer, 1802) ...............Palearctic
P. mackenziana (Keyserling, 1877) ...............USA, Canada, Alaska
P. mercurialis Montgomery, 1904 ...............USA
P. metlakatla Emerton, 1917 ...............USA, Canada, Alaska
P. milvina (Hentz, 1844) ...............USA, Canada
P. mixta (Kulczynski, 1887) ...............Palearctic
P. modica (Blackwall, 1846) ...............USA, Canada
P. moesta Banks, 1892 ...............USA, Canada, Alaska
P. montgomeryi Gertsch, 1934 ...............USA, Mexico
P. monticola (Clerck, 1757) ...............Palearctic
P. mulaiki Gertsch, 1934 ...............USA, Canada
P. nebulosa (Thorell, 1872) ...............Palearctic
P. nigra (C. L. Koch, 1834) ...............Palearctic
P. nordicolens Chamberlin & Ivie, 1947 ...............Canada, Alaska, Russia
P. ontariensis Gertsch, 1933 ...............USA, Canada
P. orophila Gertsch, 1933 ...............USA, Mexico
P. orthodox Chamberlin, 1924 ...............USA, Mexico
P. ourayensis Gertsch, 1933 ...............USA
P. paludicola (Clerck, 1757) ...............Palearctic
P. palustris (Linnaeus, 1758) ...............Holarctic
P. palustris islandica (Strand, 1906) ...............Iceland
P. parvula Banks, 1904 ...............USA
P. pauxilla Montgomery, 1904 ...............USA
P. pedia Dondale, 2007 ...............Canada
P. plumipes (Thorell, 1875) ...............Palearctic
P. podhorskii (Kulczynski, 1907) ...............Canada, Alaska, Russia
P. prosaica Chamberlin & Ivie, 1947 ...............Russia, Alaska, Canada
P. proxima (C. L. Koch, 1847) ...............Palearctic, Canary Is., Azores
P. rainieriana Lowrie & Dondale, 1981 ...............USA, Canada
P. ramulosa (McCook, 1894) ...............USA, Mexico
P. riparia (C. L. Koch, 1833) ...............Palearctic
P. saltonia Dondale & Redner, 1984 ...............USA, Mexico
P. saxatilis (Hentz, 1844) ...............USA, Canada
P. schenkeli Lessert, 1904 ...............Palearctic
P. septentrionalis (Westring, 1861) ...............Northern Palearctic
P. sierra Banks, 1898 ...............USA, Mexico
P. sinistra (Thorell, 1877) ...............USA, Canada
P. sodalis Holm, 1970 ...............Canada, Alaska, Russia
P. sordidata (Thorell, 1875) ...............Palearctic
P. sternalis (Thorell, 1877) ...............North America
P. steva Lowrie & Gertsch, 1955 ...............North America
P. tatarica (Thorell, 1875) ...............Palearctic
P. tesquorum (Odenwall, 1901) ...............Russia, Mongolia, China, USA, Canada, Alaska
P. tetonensis Gertsch, 1933 ...............USA
P. tristis (Thorell, 1877) ...............USA, Canada
P. tuoba Chamberlin, 1919 ...............USA
P. uintana Gertsch, 1933 ...............USA, Canada, Alaska
P. uncata (Thorell, 1877) ...............USA
P. utahensis Chamberlin, 1919 ...............USA
P. vadosa Barnes, 1959 ...............USA, Mexico
P. valens Barnes, 1959 ...............USA, Mexico
P. vancouveri Emerton, 1917 ...............USA, Canada
P. vogelae Kronestedt, 1993 ...............USA
P. wagleri (Hahn, 1822) ...............Palearctic
P. wasatchensis Gertsch, 1933 ...............USA
P. wyuta Gertsch, 1934 ...............USA, Canada
P. xerampelina (Keyserling, 1877) ...............USA, Canada, Alaska
P. xerophila Vogel, 1964 ...............USA, Mexico
P. yavapa Chamberlin, 1925 ...............USA
P. zionis Chamberlin & Ivie, 1942 ...............USA
‡‡May also include species with Palearctic distribution
Page Reference:
Pinzon, Jaime. submitted. Taxonomic and natural history description of FAM: LYCOSIDAE, Pardosa groenlandica (Thorell, 1872).
In: The Nearctic Spider Database. David P. Shorthouse (editor). World Wide Web electronic publication. Direct link: http://www.canadianarachnology.org/data/spiders/18670 (Accessed: 10/7/2008 2:45:45 PM).
Author Email Address: jpinzon@ualberta.ca
Text Last Modified: 2006-01-22T18:49:12Z