Nearctic States & Provinces: AB BC NS ON QC SK AK OR WA
Collection Locales Mapped by Year Collected:
The Nearctic Spider Database, http://www.canadianarachnology.org/data/spiders/14834
Araneus diadematus Clerck, 1757
cross orbweaver
FAMILY: ARANEIDAE Simon, 1895
Genus: Araneus Clerck, 1757
Species: Araneus diadematus Clerck, 1757
Author of this page: Shorthouse, David P. (Page complete and awaiting review)
General Comments: This spider is assumed to be introduced in North America because of its first appearance near ports approx. 1880 and first appearing in collections in 1919 in Newfoundland and Labrador (Dondale et al., 2003).
Common Names
Family Common Name:
orbweavers
Genus Common Name:
angulate & roundshouldered orbweavers
Species Common Name:
cross orbweaver
Distribution
Global Distribution: Holarctic
Nearctic States & Provinces:
AB BC NS ON QC SK AK OR WA
Collection Locales Mapped by Year Collected:
Natural History, Phenology & Image(s)
Feeding Guild:‡
orb weavers
‡Feeding guild when noted defined by Uetz, G. W., J. Halaj, and A. B. Cady. 1999. Guild structure of spiders in major crops. Journal of Arachnology 27:270-280.
Recorded Habitats:
Thrive in shrubs and trees around buildings, urban parks and gardens.
Life & Natural History:
Adults appear in late summer and autumn, and spend the winter either in the egg or the juvenile stage, depending on latitude. The adult web has 30 radii and the catching area about 30 cm in diameter. Mature females lay their eggs before winter in protected places away from the web and deposit a golden yellow covering over yellow eggs.
Seasonality of Specimen Records:
Image(s) of Habitus:
Credit: Watson, Don
Credit: Sollfors, Stefan
Details About Males
Description:
Carapace yellow-brown, darker at midline and lateral margins. Legs yellow-brown with dark annulations. Abdomen hairy, yellow-brown, with cross-shaped pattern of white spots toward anterior end and oblique spots toward posterior end.
Male Dimensions:
A+B = 8.28 mm
A = 4.51 mm
C = 3.54 mm
Image of External Male Genitalia:
(image not yet available)
Details About Females
Description:
Coloration much the same as male, though much darker. Abdomen has anterolateral humps and venter has a median black band and paired white spots.
Female Dimensions:
A+B = 15.61 mm
A = 5.92 mm
C = 5.01 mm
Image of Epigynum:
Credit: Pfeiffer, Kevin
Descriptions Source:
Dondale, C. D., J. H. Redner, P. Paquin & H. W. Levi. 2003. The insects and arachnids of Canada. Part 23. The orb-weaving spiders of Canada and Alaska (Araneae: Uloboridae, Tetragnathidae, Araneidae, Theridiosomatidae). NRC Research Press, Ottawa, 371 pp.
Synonyms and Chresonyms†
| Araneus diadematus Clerck 1757 |
| Araneus peleg Clerck 1757 |
| Aranea diadema Linnaeus 1758 |
| Araneus diadematus Clerck 1758 |
| Aranea linnaei Scopoli 1763 |
| Aranea diadematus Fabricius 1775 |
| Aranea cruciger De Geer 1778 |
| Aranea papalis Fourcroy 1785 |
| Araneus diadematus Fabricius 1793 |
| Aranea myagria Walckenaer 1802 |
| Epeira myagria Walckenaer 1805 |
| Epeira diadematus Sundevall 1833 |
| Epeira diademata Hahn 1834 |
| Epeira diadematus C. L. Koch 1844 |
| Epeira frutetorum Bremi-Wolff 1849 |
| Epeira fruticosus Bremi-Wolff 1849 |
| Epeira diademata Blackwall 1864 |
| Epeira diademata Menge 1866 |
| Epeira pyrenaea Simon 1874 |
| Epeira diademata Hansen 1882 |
| Epeira diademata Chyzer & Kulczynski 1891 |
| Epeira diademata McCook 1894 |
| Epeira diademata Becker 1896 |
| Epeira diademata Bösenberg 1901 |
| Aranea diadematus Reimoser 1929 |
| Araneus diadematus Simon 1929 |
| Aranea diadematus Wiehle 1931 |
| Aranea diadema Drensky 1943 |
| Aranea diadema Kaston 1948 |
| Araneus diadematus Chrysanthus 1949 |
| Aranea diademata Archer 1951 |
| Araneus diadematus Tullgren 1952 |
| Aranea diadema Mikulska 1953 |
| Araneus diadematus Locket & Millidge 1953 |
| Araneus diadematus Braendegaard 1958 |
| Araneus diadematus Bristowe 1958 |
| Araneus diadematus Yaginuma 1960 |
| Araneus diadematus Laurent 1963 |
| Aranea diadema Zamaraev 1964 |
| Araneus diadematus Grasshoff 1964 |
| Araneus diadematus Azheganova 1968 |
| Araneus diadematus Grasshoff 1968 |
| Araneus diadematus Levi 1970 |
| Araneus diadematus Levi 1971 |
| Araneus diadematus Miller 1971 |
| Araneus diadematus Tyschchenko 1971 |
| Araneus diadematus Yaginuma 1971 |
| Araneus diadematus Loksa 1972 |
| Araneus diadematus Grasshoff 1973 |
| Araneus diadematus Bakhvalov 1974 |
| Araneus diadematus Palmgren 1974 |
| Araneus diadematus Punda 1975 |
| Araneus diadematus Saaristo 1975 |
| Araneus diadematus Moore 1977 |
| Araneus diadematus Saaristo 1977 |
| Araneus diadematus Legotai & Sekerskaya 1982 |
| Araneus diadema Hu 1984 |
| Araneus diadematus Kraus 1984 |
| Araneus diadematus Roberts 1985 |
| Araneus diadematus Zhu et al. 1985 |
| Araneus diadematus Schult 1986 |
| Araneus diadematus Yaginuma 1986 |
| Araneus diadematus Roberts 1987 |
| Araneus diadematus Song 1987 |
| Araneus diadematus Zhang 1987 |
| Araneus diadematus Chikuni 1989 |
| Araneus diadematus Hu & Wu 1989 |
| Araneus diadematus Legotai & Sekerskaya 1989 |
| Araneus diadematus Coddington 1990 |
| Araneus diadematus Feng 1990 |
| Araneus diadematus Heimer & Nentwig 1991 |
| Araneus diadematus Salz 1992 |
| Araneus diadematus Roberts 1995 |
| Araneus diadematus Agnarsson 1996 |
| Araneus diadematus Mcheidze 1997 |
| Araneus diadematus Scharff & Coddington 1997 |
| Araneus diadematus Yin et al. 1997 |
| Araneus diadematus Levy 1998 |
| Araneus diadematus Roberts 1998 |
| Araneus diadematus Song, Zhu & Chen 1999 |
| Araneus diadematus Song, Zhu & Chen 2001 |
| Araneus diadematus Levi 2002 |
| Araneus diadematus Yoo & Kim 2002 |
| Araneus diadematus Dondale et al. 2003 |
| Araneus diadematus Paquin & Dupérré 2003 |
| Araneus diadematus Almquist 2005 |
| Araneus diadematus Griswold et al. 2005 |
| Araneus diadematus Trotta 2005 |
Taxonomic References†
Agnarsson, I. 1996. Íslenskar köngulaer. Fjölrit Nàttùrufraedistofnunar 31: 1-175.
Almquist, S. 2005. Swedish Araneae, part 1: families Atypidae to Hahniidae (Linyphiidae excluded). Insect Syst. Ecol., Suppl. 62: 1-284.
Archer, A. F. 1951. Studies in the orbweaving spiders (Argiopidae). 1. Am. Mus. Novit. 1487: 1-52.
Azheganova, N. S. 1968. Kratkii opredelitel' paukov (Aranei) lesnoi i lesostepnoi zony SSSR. Akademia Nauk SSSR, pp. 1-149.
Bakhvalov, V. F. 1974. [Identification key of the spider family Araneidae from Kirgizia]. Ent. Issled Kirgizii 9: 101-112.
Becker, L. 1896. Les arachnides de Belgique. Ann. Mus. Roy. Hist. nat. Belg. 12: 1-3788.
Blackwall, J. 1864. A history of the spiders of Great Britain and Ireland. London, Ray Society, 2: 175-384.
Bösenberg, W. 1901. Die Spinnen Deutschlands. I. Zoologica (Stuttgart) 14(1): 1-96.
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Bristowe, W. S. 1958. The World of Spiders. Collins, London, xii + 304 pp.
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Clerck, C. 1757. Svenska spindlar, uti sina hufvud-slågter indelte samt under några och sextio särskildte arter beskrefne och med illuminerade figurer uplyste. Stockholmiae, 154 pp.
Coddington, J. A. 1990. Ontogeny and homology in the male palpus of orb-weaving spiders and their relatives, with comments on phylogeny (Araneoclada: Araneoidea, Deinopoidea). Smithson. Contrib. Zool. 496: 1-52.
De Geer, C. 1778. Mémoires pour servir à l'histoire des insectes. Stockholm, 7(3-4): 176-324.
Dondale, C. D., J. H. Redner, P. Paquin & H. W. Levi. 2003. The insects and arachnids of Canada. Part 23. The orb-weaving spiders of Canada and Alaska (Araneae: Uloboridae, Tetragnathidae, Araneidae, Theridiosomatidae). NRC Research Press, Ottawa, 371 pp.
Drensky, P. 1943. Die Spinnenfauna Bulgariens. VI. Unterordnung Arachnomorphae, II Gruppe Trionichia, Familie Euetrioidae. Bull. Inst. r. Hist. Nat. Sofia 16: 219-254.
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Fabricius, J. C. 1775. Systema entomologiae, sistens insectorum classes, ordines, genera, species, adiectis, synonymis, locis descriptionibus observationibus. Flensburg and Lipsiae, 832 pp. (Araneae, pp. 431-441).
Feng, Z. Q. 1990. Spiders of China in colour. Hunan Science and Technology Publishing House, 256 pp.
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Grasshoff, M. 1968. Morphologische Kriterien als Ausdruck von Artgrenzen bei Radnetzspinnen der Subfamilie Araneinae (Arachnida: Araneae: Araneidae). Abh. senckenb. naturforsch. Ges. 516: 1-100.
Grasshoff, M. 1964. Die Kreuzspinne Araneus pallidus-ihr Netzbau und ihre Paarungsbiologie. Natur und Mus. 94: 305-314.
Griswold, C. E., M. J. Ramírez, J. A. Coddington & N. I. Platnick. 2005. Atlas of phylogenetic data for entelegyne spiders (Araneae: Araneomorphae: Entelegynae) with comments on their phylogeny. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. 56(Suppl. II): 1-324.
Hahn, C. W. 1834. Die Arachniden. Nürnberg, Zweite Band, pp. 17-56.
Hansen, H., J. 1882. Spindeldyr. In Schiödte, J. C. (ed.), Zoologia Danica. Kjöbenhavn, 3: 1-81, I-V.
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Hu, J. L. 1984. The Chinese spiders collected from the fields and the forests. Tianjin Press of Science and Techniques, 482 pp.
Hu, J. L. & W. G. Wu. 1989. Spiders from agricultural regions of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China. Shandong Univ. Publ. House, Jinan, 435 pp.
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Laurent, J.-P. 1963. Guide aranéologique des araignées de la région d'Olloy-Couvin. Bull. Assoc. natn. Prof. Biol. Belg. 9: 278-309.
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Levi, H. W. 2002. Keys to the genera of araneid orbweavers (Araneae, Araneidae) of the Americas. J. Arachnol. 30: 527-562.
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Levi, H. W. 1970. Problems in the reproductive physiology of the spider palpus. Bull. Mus. natn. Hist. nat. Paris 41(Suppl. 1): 108-111.
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†Nomenclature and taxonomic references from the World Spider Catalog accessible at http://research.amnh.org/entomology/spiders/catalog/ARANEIDAE.html
Natural History References
Dondale, C. D., J. H. Redner, P. Paquin & H. W. Levi. 2003. The insects and arachnids of Canada. Part 23. The orb-weaving spiders of Canada and Alaska (Araneae: Uloboridae, Tetragnathidae, Araneidae, Theridiosomatidae). NRC Research Press, Ottawa, 371 pp.
Other Nearctic Members of Genus Araneus Clerck, 1757‡‡
A. abigeatus Levi, 1975 ...............USA
A. alboventris (Emerton, 1884) ...............USA
A. allani Levi, 1973 ...............USA
A. alsine (Walckenaer, 1802) ...............Palearctic
A. andrewsi (Archer, 1951) ...............USA
A. angulatus Clerck, 1757 ...............Palearctic
A. apache Levi, 1975 ...............USA
A. arizonensis (Banks, 1900) ...............USA, Mexico
A. bicentenarius (McCook, 1888) ...............USA, Canada
A. bispinosus (Keyserling, 1885) ...............USA
A. bivittatus (Walckenaer, 1842) ...............USA
A. bonsallae (McCook, 1894) ...............USA
A. calusa Levi, 1973 ...............USA
A. carroll Levi, 1973 ...............USA
A. cavaticus (Keyserling, 1882) ...............USA, Canada
A. cingulatus (Walckenaer, 1842) ...............USA
A. circe (Audouin, 1826) ...............Palearctic
A. cochise Levi, 1973 ...............USA
A. corticarius (Emerton, 1884) ...............USA, Canada, Alaska
A. detrimentosus (O. P.-Cambridge, 1889) ...............USA to Colombia
A. diadematus islandicus (Strand, 1906) ...............Iceland
A. emmae Simon, 1900 ...............Hawaii
A. gadus Levi, 1973 ...............USA
A. gemma (McCook, 1888) ...............USA, Canada, Alaska
A. gemmoides Chamberlin & Ivie, 1935 ...............USA, Canada
A. groenlandicola (Strand, 1906) ...............USA, Canada, Greenland
A. guerrerensis Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936 ...............USA, Mexico
A. guttulatus (Walckenaer, 1842) ...............USA
A. illaudatus (Gertsch & Mulaik, 1936) ...............USA
A. iviei (Archer, 1951) ...............USA, Canada
A. juniperi (Emerton, 1884) ...............USA, Canada
A. kapiolaniae Simon, 1900 ...............Hawaii
A. kerr Levi, 1981 ...............USA
A. mammatus (Archer, 1951) ...............USA
A. mariposa Levi, 1973 ...............USA
A. marmoreus Clerck, 1757 ...............Holarctic
A. miami Levi, 1973 ...............USA
A. miniatus (Walckenaer, 1842) ...............USA
A. monica Levi, 1973 ...............USA
A. montereyensis (Archer, 1951) ...............North America
A. nashoba Levi, 1973 ...............USA
A. niveus (Hentz, 1847) ...............USA
A. nordmanni (Thorell, 1870) ...............Holarctic
A. partitus (Walckenaer, 1842) ...............USA
A. pegnia (Walckenaer, 1842) ...............USA to Ecuador and Jamaica
A. phrygiatus (Walckenaer, 1842) ...............USA
A. pratensis (Emerton, 1884) ...............USA, Canada
A. prunus Levi, 1973 ...............USA
A. quadratus Clerck, 1757 ...............Palearctic
A. raui Levi, 1973 ...............USA
A. saevus (L. Koch, 1872) ...............Holarctic
A. santarita (Archer, 1951) ...............USA
A. sturmi (Hahn, 1831) ...............Palearctic
A. texanus (Archer, 1951) ...............USA
A. thaddeus (Hentz, 1847) ...............North America
A. trifolium (Hentz, 1847) ...............USA, Canada, Alaska
A. triguttatus (Fabricius, 1793) ...............Palearctic
A. tuscarora Levi, 1973 ...............USA
A. washingtoni Levi, 1971 ...............Russia, USA, Canada
A. yukon Levi, 1971 ...............Russia, Canada
‡‡May also include species with Palearctic distribution
Page Reference:
Shorthouse, David P. submitted. Taxonomic and natural history description of FAM: ARANEIDAE, Araneus diadematus Clerck, 1757.
In: The Nearctic Spider Database. David P. Shorthouse (editor). World Wide Web electronic publication. Direct link: http://www.canadianarachnology.org/data/spiders/14834 (Accessed: 8/8/2008 3:21:19 PM).
Author Email Address: dshorthouse@eol.org
Text Last Modified: 2006-03-22T07:54:28Z