Natural History, Phenology & Image(s)
Feeding Guild:‡
orb weavers
‡Feeding guild when noted defined by Uetz, G. W., J. Halaj, and A. B. Cady. 1999. Guild structure of spiders in major crops. Journal of Arachnology 27:270-280.
Recorded Habitats:
(not yet recorded or unknown)
Life & Natural History:
(not yet recorded or unknown)
Image(s) of Habitus:
Credit: Nieuwenhuys, Ed
Credit: Sollfors, Stefan
Details About Males
Description:
(not yet recorded or unknown)
Image of External Male Genitalia:
(image not yet available)
Details About Females
Description:
(not yet recorded or unknown)
Image of Epigynum:
(image not yet available)
Synonyms and Chresonyms†
| Pachygnatha degeeri Sundevall 1830 |
| Pachygnatha degeerii Sundevall 1830 |
| Theridion vernale Hahn 1834 |
| Linyphia degeeri Walckenaer 1842 |
| Manduculus vernalis Blackwall 1843 |
| Pachygnatha clerckii C. L. Koch 1845 |
| Pachygnatha degeeri C. L. Koch 1845 |
| Theridion rufithorax Lucas 1846 |
| Pachygnatha vernalis Doleschall 1852 |
| Eucharium rufithorax Simon 1864 |
| Pachygnatha degeeri Blackwall 1864 |
| Pachygnatha degeeri Menge 1866 |
| Pachygnatha degeeri Thorell 1870 |
| Pachygnatha degeeri Chyzer & Kulczynski 1891 |
| Pachygnatha degeeri Becker 1896 |
| Pachygnatha degeeri Bösenberg 1901 |
| Pachygnatha degeeri Simon 1929 |
| Pachygnatha degeeri Drensky 1943 |
| Pachygnatha degeeri Locket & Millidge 1953 |
| Pachygnatha degeeri Wiehle 1963 |
| Pachygnatha degeeri Miller 1971 |
| Pachygnatha degeeri Tyschchenko 1971 |
| Pachygnatha degeeri Palmgren 1974 |
| Pachygnatha degeeri Punda 1975 |
| Pachygnatha degeeri Ledoux & Canard 1981 |
| Dyschiriognatha yiliensis Hu & Wu 1985 |
| Pachygnatha degeeri Roberts 1985 |
| Dyschiriognatha yiliensis Hu & Wu 1989 |
| Pachygnatha degeeri Heimer & Nentwig 1991 |
| Pachygnatha degeeri Roberts 1995 |
| Pachygnatha degeeri Mcheidze 1997 |
| Pachygnatha degeeri Roberts 1998 |
| Dyschiriognatha yiliensis Song, Zhu & Chen 1999 |
| Pachygnatha degeeri Zhu, Song & Zhang 2003 |
| Pachygnatha degeeri Almquist 2005 |
Taxonomic References†
Almquist, S. 2005. Swedish Araneae, part 1: families Atypidae to Hahniidae (Linyphiidae excluded). Insect Syst. Ecol., Suppl. 62: 1-284.
Becker, L. 1896. Les arachnides de Belgique. Ann. Mus. Roy. Hist. nat. Belg. 12: 1-3788.
Blackwall, J. 1864. A history of the spiders of Great Britain and Ireland. London, Ray Society, 2: 175-384.
Blackwall, J. 1843. A catalogue of spiders either not previously recorded or little known as indigenous to Great Britain, with remarks on their habits and economy. Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. 19: 113-130.
Bösenberg, W. 1901. Die Spinnen Deutschlands. I. Zoologica (Stuttgart) 14(1): 1-96.
Chyzer, C. & W. Kulczynski. 1891. Araneae Hungariae. Budapest, 1: 1-170.
Doleschall, L. 1852. Systematisches Verzeichniss der im Kaiserthum Österreich vorkommenden Spinnen. Sitz.-ber. Akad. Wiss. Wien 9: 622-651.
Drensky, P. 1943. Die Spinnenfauna Bulgariens. VI. Unterordnung Arachnomorphae, II Gruppe Trionichia, Familie Euetrioidae. Bull. Inst. r. Hist. Nat. Sofia 16: 219-254.
Hahn, C. W. 1834. Die Arachniden. Nürnberg, Zweite Band, pp. 17-56.
Heimer, S. & W. Nentwig. 1991. Spinnen Mitteleuropas: Ein Bestimmungsbuch. Verlag Paul Parey, Berlin, 543 pp.
Hu, J. L. & W. G. Wu. 1989. Spiders from agricultural regions of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China. Shandong Univ. Publ. House, Jinan, 435 pp.
Hu, J. L. & W. G. Wu. 1985. Notes on Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China[.] Tow [sic] species of spiders of the famiy Tetragnathidae (Araneida). J. Shandong Univ. (Nat. Sci.) 20: 95-104.
Koch, C. L. 1845. Die Arachniden. Nürnberg, Zwolfter Band, pp. 1-166.
Ledoux, J.-C. & A. Canard. 1981. Initiation à l'etude systematique des araignees. Ledoux, Domazan.
Locket, G. H. & A. F. Millidge. 1953. British spiders. Ray Society, London, 2: 1-449.
Lucas, H. 1846. Histoire naturelle des animaux articules. In Exploration scientifique de l'Algerie pendant les annees 1840, 1841, 1842 publiee par ordre du Gouvernement et avec le concours d'une commission academique. Paris, Sciences physiques, Zoologie, 1: 89-271
Mcheidze, T. S. 1997. [Spiders of Georgia: Systematics, Ecology, Zoogeographic Review]. Tbilisi Univ., 390 pp. (in Georgian).
Menge, A. 1866. Preussische Spinnen. Erste Abtheilung. Schrift. naturf. Ges. Danzig (N.F.) 1: 1-152
Miller, F. 1971. Pavouci-Araneida. Klíc zvíreny CSSR 4: 51-306.
Palmgren, P. 1974. Die Spinnenfauna Finnlands und Ostfennoskandiens. IV. Argiopidae, Tetragnathidae und Mimetidae. Fauna Fenn. 24: 1-70.
Punda, H. 1975. Pajaki Borów Sosnowych. Polska Akad. Nauk, Warsaw, 91 pp.
Roberts, M. J. 1998. Spinnengids. Tirion, Baarn, Netherlands, 397 pp.
Roberts, M. J. 1995. Collins Field Guide: Spiders of Britain & Northern Europe. HarperCollins, London, 383 pp.
Roberts, M. J. 1985. The spiders of Great Britain and Ireland, Volume 1: Atypidae to Theridiosomatidae. Harley Books, Colchester, England.
Simon, E. 1929. Les arachnides de France. Synopsis générale et catalogue des espèces françaises de l'ordre des Araneae; 3e partie. Paris, 6: 533-772.
Simon, E. 1864. Histoire naturelle des araignées (aranéides). Paris, pp. 1-540.
Song, D. X., M. S. Zhu & J. Chen. 1999. The Spiders of China. Hebei Sci. Technol. Publ. House, Shijiazhuang, 640 pp.
Sundevall, J. C. 1830. Svenska spindlarnes beskrifning. Kongl. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl. 1829: 188-219 (also as separate, pp. 1-32).
Thorell, T. 1870. Remarks on synonyms of European spiders. Part I. Uppsala, pp. 1-96.
Tyschchenko, V. P. 1971. Opredelitel' paukov evropejskoj casti SSSR. Leningrad, pp. 1-281.
Walckenaer, C. A. 1842. Histoire naturelle des Insects. Aptères. Paris, 2: 1-549.
Wiehle, H. 1963. Spinnentiere oder Arachnoidea (Araneae). XII. Tetragnathidae-Streckspinnen und Dickkiefer. Tierwelt Deutschlands 49: i-viii, 1-76.
Zhu, M. S., D. X. Song & J. X. Zhang. 2003. Fauna Sinica: Invertebrata Vol. 35: Arachnida: Araneae: Tetragnathidae. Science Press, Beijing, vii + 418 pp.
†Nomenclature and taxonomic references from the World Spider Catalog accessible at http://research.amnh.org/entomology/spiders/catalog/TETRAGNATHIDAE.html
Other Nearctic Members of Genus Pachygnatha Sundevall, 1823‡‡
P. autumnalis Marx, 1884 ...............USA, Canada, Cuba
P. brevis Keyserling, 1884 ...............USA, Canada
P. calusa Levi, 1980 ...............USA
P. clercki Sundevall, 1823 ...............Holarctic
P. dorothea McCook, 1894 ...............USA, Canada
P. furcillata Keyserling, 1884 ...............USA
P. listeri Sundevall, 1830 ...............Palearctic
P. tristriata C. L. Koch, 1845 ...............USA, Canada
P. xanthostoma C. L. Koch, 1845 ...............USA, Canada
‡‡May also include species with Palearctic distribution