Theridion varians Hahn, 1833
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FAMILY: THERIDIIDAE Sundevall, 1833 Genus: Theridion Walckenaer, 1805 Species: Theridion varians Hahn, 1833  |
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Author: Hancock, John  Page views: 767 Write a Review:  Visitor Comments:  (0)
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Common Names
Family Common Name:
cobweb weavers
Genus Common Name:
none
Species Common Name:
none
Point Collections & Seasonality
Global Distribution: Holarctic
Nearctic States & Provinces: 
BC WA
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Seasonality
Specimen Search
Specimen list |
, 9
Natural History & Image(s)
Feeding Guild:† space web builders
†Feeding guild when noted defined by Uetz, G. W., J. Halaj, and A. B. Cady. 1999. Guild structure of spiders in major crops. Journal of Arachnology 27:270-280. PDF
Habitat (published): Field layer, including low shrubs & tree foliage.
Habitat (<30 randomly chosen specimens): Coastal, Mixed open Forest; Coastal Mixed Forest; Lakeside conifers;
Life & Natural History: Space webs observed towards the end of branches, retreat among needles (Hancock, pers. obs.).
Image(s) of Habitus:
Details About Males
Description: Carapace yellow, with median dorsal dusky band and fine dusky border. Legs yellow-white. Abdomen darker than female with dark brown scalloped dorsal band. Note that the epigynum has a deep circular depression with a short lip at the anterior border, openings central (Levi, 1957).
Male Dimensions:
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Image of External Male Genitalia: Credit: Hancock, John |
Details About Females
Description: (not yet recorded or unknown)
Female Dimensions:
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Image of Epigynum: Credit: Hancock, John |
Descriptions Source:
Levi, H. W. 1957. The spider genera Crustulina and Steatoda in North America, Central America, and the West Indies (Araneae, Theridiidae). Bull. Mus. comp. Zool. Harv. 117: 367-424.
Synonyms and Chresonyms‡
Taxonomic References‡
Agnarsson, I. 2006. A revision of the New World eximius lineage of Anelosimus (Araneae, Theridiidae) and a phylogenetic analysis using worldwide exemplars. Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 146: 453-593. 
Agnarsson, I. 2004. Morphological phylogeny of cobweb spiders and their relatives (Araneae, Araneoidea, Theridiidae). Zool. J. Linnean Soc. 141: 447-626.
Almquist, S. 2005. Swedish Araneae, part 1: families Atypidae to Hahniidae (Linyphiidae excluded). Insect Syst. Ecol., Suppl. 62: 1-284.
Archer, A. F. 1950. A study of theridiid and mimetid spiders with descriptions of new genera and species. Mus. Pap. Ala Mus. nat. Hist. 30: 1-40.
Azheganova, N. S. 1968. Kratkii opredelitel' paukov (Aranei) lesnoi i lesostepnoi zony SSSR. Akademia Nauk SSSR, pp. 1-149.
Becker, L. 1896. Les arachnides de Belgique. Ann. Mus. Roy. Hist. nat. Belg. 12: 1-3788.
Blackwall, J. 1864. A history of the spiders of Great Britain and Ireland. London, Ray Society, 2: 175-384.
Bösenberg, W. 1902. Die Spinnen Deutschlands. II-IV. Zoologica (Stuttgart) 14: 97-384.
Braendegaard, J. 1958. Araneida. In The Zoology of Iceland. Ejnar Munksgaard, Copenhagen 3(54): 1-113.
Cambridge, O. P.-. 1893. On new and rare British spiders. Proc. Dorset nat. Hist. Field Club 14: 142-164.
Chyzer, C. & W. Kulczynski. 1894. Araneae Hungariae. Budapest, 2: 1-151.
Hahn, C. W. 1833. Die Arachniden. Nürnberg, Erster Band, pp. 77-129; Zweite Band, pp. 1-16.
Hahn, C. W. 1831. Monographie der Spinnen. Nürnberg, Heft 6, 1 p., 4 pls.
Heimer, S. & W. Nentwig. 1991. Spinnen Mitteleuropas: Ein Bestimmungsbuch. Verlag Paul Parey, Berlin, 543 pp.
Hu, J. L. & W. G. Wu. 1989. Spiders from agricultural regions of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China. Shandong Univ. Publ. House, Jinan, 435 pp.
Knoflach, B. 2004. Diversity in the copulatory behaviour of comb-footed spiders (Araneae, Theridiidae). In Thaler, K. (ed.), Diversität und Biologie von Webspinnen, Skorpionen under anderen Spinnentieren. Denisia 12 161-256.
Knoflach, B. 1998. Mating in Theridion varians Hahn and related species (Araneae: Theridiidae). J. nat. Hist. 32: 545-604.
Knoflach, B. & K. Pfaller. 2004. Kugelspinnen -- eine Einführung (Araneae, Theridiidae). In Thaler, K. (ed.), Diversität und Biologie von Webspinnen, Skorpionen under anderen Spinnentieren. Denisia 12 111-160.
Koch, C. L. 1850. Übersicht des Arachnidensystems. Nürnberg, Heft 5, pp. 1-77.
Koch, C. L. 1845. Die Arachniden. Nürnberg, Zwolfter Band, pp. 1-166.
Kolosváry, G. 1934. 21 neue Spinnenarten aus Slovensko, Ungarn und aus der Banat. Folia zool. hydrobiol. 6: 12-17.
Kulczynski, W. 1905. Fragmenta arachnologica. I-IV. Bull. Acad. Cracovie 1904: 533-568.
Levi, H. W. 1957. The spider genera Enoplognatha, Theridion, and Paidisca in America north of Mexico (Araneae, Theridiidae). Bull. Am. Mus. nat. Hist. 112: 1-124.
Locket, G. H. & A. F. Millidge. 1953. British spiders. Ray Society, London, 2: 1-449.
Menge, A. 1868. Preussische spinnen. II. Abtheilung. Schrift. naturf. Ges. Danzig (N. F.) 2: 153-218.
Miller, F. 1971. Pavouci-Araneida. Klíc zvíreny CSSR 4: 51-306.
Palmgren, P. 1974. Die Spinnenfauna Finnlands und Ostfennoskandiens. V. Theridiinae und Nesticidae. Fauna Fenn. 26: 1-54.
Punda, H. 1975. Pajaki Borów Sosnowych. Polska Akad. Nauk, Warsaw, 91 pp.
Roberts, M. J. 1998. Spinnengids. Tirion, Baarn, Netherlands, 397 pp.
Roberts, M. J. 1995. Collins Field Guide: Spiders of Britain & Northern Europe. HarperCollins, London, 383 pp.
Roberts, M. J. 1985. The spiders of Great Britain and Ireland, Volume 1: Atypidae to Theridiosomatidae. Harley Books, Colchester, England.
Simon, E. 1914. Les arachnides de France. Synopsis générale et catalogue des espèces françaises de l'ordre des Araneae; 1re partie. Paris, 6: 1-308.
Song, D. X., M. S. Zhu & J. Chen. 1999. The Spiders of China. Hebei Sci. Technol. Publ. House, Shijiazhuang, 640 pp.
Thorell, T. 1875. Diagnoses Aranearum Europaearum aliquot novarum. Tijdschr. Ent. 18: 81-108.
Thorell, T. 1875. Descriptions of several European and North African spiders. Kongl. Svenska. Vet.-Akad. Handl. 13(5): 1-203.
Tyschchenko, V. P. 1971. Opredelitel' paukov evropejskoj casti SSSR. Leningrad, pp. 1-281.
Walckenaer, C. A. 1842. Histoire naturelle des Insects. Aptères. Paris, 2: 1-549.
Wiehle, H. 1937. Spinnentier oder Arachnoidea. VIII. Theridiidae oder Haubennetzspinnen (Kugelspinnen). In Die Tierwelt Deutschlands. Jena, 33(26): 119-222.
Wunderlich, J. 1977. Zur Synonymie südeuropäischer Spinnen (Arachnida: Araneida: Theridiidae, Linyphiidae, Gnaphosidae). Senckenberg. biol. 57: 289-293.
Zhu, M. S. 1998. Fauna Sinica: Arachnida: Araneae: Theridiidae. Science Press, Beijing, xi + 436 pp.
‡Nomenclature and taxonomic references from the World Spider Catalog
Latest Literature from uBio: 
Page Reference
Hancock, John. submitted. Taxonomic and natural history description of FAM: THERIDIIDAE, Theridion varians Hahn, 1833. In: The Nearctic Spider Database. David P. Shorthouse (editor). World Wide Web electronic publication. Direct link: http://www.canadianarachnology.org/data/spiders/8769 (Accessed: 11/20/2008 11:49:04 AM).
Text Last Modified: 2006-03-29T17:24:53Z
