Latrodectus mactans (Fabricius, 1775)
southern black widow
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FAMILY: THERIDIIDAE Sundevall, 1833 Genus: Latrodectus Walckenaer, 1805 Species: Latrodectus mactans (Fabricius, 1775)  |
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Common Names
Family Common Name:
cobweb weavers
Genus Common Name:
widow spiders
Species Common Name:
southern black widow
Distribution
Global Distribution: probably North America only
Nearctic States & Provinces: (from the Nearctic Spider Database) 
AZ CO LA NH NC OK SC TX
Collection Locales Mapped by Year Collected: (from the Nearctic Spider Database)
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Specimen Search
Specimen list |
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Natural History, Phenology & Image(s)
Feeding Guild:† space web builders
†Feeding guild when noted defined by Uetz, G. W., J. Halaj, and A. B. Cady. 1999. Guild structure of spiders in major crops. Journal of Arachnology 27:270-280. PDF
Recorded Habitats: (not yet recorded or unknown)
Life & Natural History: (not yet recorded or unknown)
Seasonality of Specimen Records: (from the Nearctic Spider Database - Requires Flash plug-in - refresh this page if not visible)
Image(s) of Habitus:
Details About Males
Description: (not yet recorded or unknown)
| Male Dimensions: (Dimensions not yet available) |
Image of External Male Genitalia: email an image |
Details About Females
Description: (not yet recorded or unknown)
| Female Dimensions: (Dimensions not yet available) |
Image of Epigynum: email an image |
Synonyms and Chresonyms‡
Taxonomic References‡
Abalos, J. W. 1980. Las arañas del género Latrodectus en la Argentina. Obra Centen. Mus. La Plata 6: 29-51.
Agnarsson, I. 2004. Morphological phylogeny of cobweb spiders and their relatives (Araneae, Araneoidea, Theridiidae). Zool. J. Linnean Soc. 141: 447-626. 
Barrion, A. T. & J. A. Litsinger. 1995. Riceland Spiders of South and Southeast Asia. CAB International, Wallingford, UK, xix + 700 pp.
Breene, R. G., D. A. Dean, M. Nyffeler & G. B. Edwards. 1993. Biology, Predation Ecology, and Significance of Spiders in Texas Cotton Ecosystems with a Key to Species. Texas Agriculture Experiment Station, College Station, 115 pp.
Bücherl, W. 1972. Invertebrados as Aranhas. São Paulo, Edart, 158 pp.
Butler, A., G. 1877. Myriopoda and Arachnida. In Günther, A., Account of the zoological collection made during the visit of H. M. S. "Peterel" to the Galapagos Islands. Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1877: 75-77.
Cambridge, F. O. P.-. 1902. Arachnida - Araneida and Opiliones. In Biologia Centrali-Americana, Zoology. London, 2: 313-424.
Cambridge, F. O. P.-. 1902. On the spiders of the genus Latrodectus, Walckenaer. Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1902(1): 247-261.
Canese, A. 1972. Latrodectus mactans: variaciones del dibujo y del color. Revta Parag. Microbiol. 7: 87-89.
Carbonell, J. 1923. Algunos datos sobre las arañas del género Latrodectus que se hallan en la Argentina. Physis 6: 350-353.
Carcavallo, R. U. 1960. Una nueva Latrodectus y consideraciones sobre las especies del género en la Republica Argentina (Arach. Theridiidae). Neotropica 5: 85-94.
Coddington, J. A. 1990. Ontogeny and homology in the male palpus of orb-weaving spiders and their relatives, with comments on phylogeny (Araneoclada: Araneoidea, Deinopoidea). Smithson. Contrib. Zool. 496: 1-52.
Dahl, F. 1902. Über algebrochene Copulationsorgane männlicher Spinnen im Körper der Weibchen. Sitz.-ber. Ges. naturf. Freu. Berlin 1902: 36-45.
Emerton, J. H. 1902. The common spiders of the United States. Boston, pp. 1-225.
Fabricius, J. C. 1793. Entomologiae systematica. Hafniae, 2: 407-428.
Fabricius, J. C. 1775. Systema entomologiae, sistens insectorum classes, ordines, genera, species, adiectis, synonymis, locis descriptionibus observationibus. Flensburg and Lipsiae, 832 pp. (Araneae, pp. 431-441).
Franganillo B., P. 1936. Arácnidos recogidos durante el verano de 1934 (Prosigue). Estudios de "Belen" 1936(57-58): 75-82.
Franganillo B., P. 1936. Los ar cnidos de Cuba hasta 1936. Cultural, La Habana, 183 pp.
Franganillo B., P. 1930. Arácnidos de Cuba: Mas arácnidos nuevos de la Isla de Cuba. Mem. Inst. nac. Invest. cien. 1: 47-99 [reprinted separately, pp. 1-55; only reprint seen and cited].
Gerschman de P., B. S. & R. D. Schiapelli. 1965. El género Latrodectus Walckenaer, 1805 (Araneae: Theridiidae) en la Argentina. Revta Soc. ent. argent. 27: 51-59.
Gonzalez T., L. 1954. Latrodectus mactans mexicanus subsp. nov. An. Inst. Biol. Univ. Méx. 24: 455-457.
Hasselt, A. W. M. van. 1860. Studien over de z. g. curaçaosche Orange-Spin, eene nog weinig bekende Latrodectus-soort. Tijdschr. Ent. (3) 16: 46-66.
Hentz, N. M. 1850. Descriptions and figures of the araneides of the United States. Boston J. nat. Hist. 6: 18-35, 271-295.
Kaston, B. J. 1970. Comparative biology of American black widow spiders. Trans. San Diego Soc. nat. Hist. 16: 33-82.
Keyserling, E. 1884. Die Spinnen Amerikas II. Theridiidae. Nürnberg, 1: 1-222.
Kim, J. P. 1999. Study of poisonous spiders from China. Korean Arachnol. 15(1): 19-26.
Kim, J. P., Y. J. Cho & Y. B. Lee. 2003. A list of venomous spiders of the world. Korean Arachnol. 19 75-88.
Koch, C. L. 1841. Die Arachniden. Nürnberg, Achter Band, pp. 41-131, Neunter Band, pp. 1-56.
Koch, C. L. 1837. Übersicht des Arachnidensystems. Nürnberg, Heft 1, pp. 1-39.
Koch, C. L. 1836. Die Arachniden. Nürnberg, Dritter Band, pp. 1-104.
Levi, H. W. 1967. Cosmopolitan and pantropical species of theridiid spiders (Araneae: Theridiidae). Pacif. Insects 9: 175-186.
Levi, H. W. 1959. The spider genus Latrodectus (Araneae, Theridiidae). Trans. Am. microsc. Soc. 78: 7-43.
Levi, H. W. & D. E. Randolph. 1975. A key and checklist of American spiders of the family Theridiidae north of Mexico (Araneae). J. Arachnol. 3: 31-51. 
Levi, H. W. & L. R. Levi. 1962. The genera of the spider family Theridiidae. Bull. Mus. comp. Zool. Harv. 127: 1-71.
McCook, H. C. 1889. American spiders and their spinningwork. Philadelphia, 1: 1-373.
McCook, H. C. 1879. A monograph of the habits, architecture and structure of Pogonomyrmex barbatus. In The Natural History of the Agricultural Ant of Texas. Philadelphia, 311 pp. (Araneae, p. 203).
Nicolet, A. C. 1849. Aracnidos. In Gay, C. (ed.), Historia física y política de Chile. Zoología, 3: 319-543.
Petrunkevitch, A. 1930. The spiders of Porto Rico. Part two. Trans. Connect. Acad. Arts Sci. 30: 159-356.
Petrunkevitch, A. 1925. Arachnida from Panama. Trans. Connect. Acad. Arts Sci. 27: 51-248.
Plantilla, F. C. & E. Mabalay. 1935. Latrodectus agoyanyang, preliminary notes on the entomological, clinical and experimental studies. Mon. Bull. Philipp. Hlth Serv 15: 187-197.
Roth, V. D. 1994. Spider Genera of North America, with Keys to Families and Genera, and a Guide to Literature, third edition. Am. Arachnol. Soc., Gainesville, 203 pp.
Roth, V. D. 1985. Spider genera of North America. American Arachnological Society, Gainesville, Florida.
Roth, V. D. 1982. Handbook for spider identification. Published by the author, Portal, Arizona.
Schmidt, G. & P. Klaas. 1991. Eine neue Latrodectus-Spezies aus Sri Lanka (Araneida: Theridiidae). Arachnol. Anz. 14: 6-9.
Tullgren, A. 1901. On the spiders collected in Florida by Dr Einer Lönnberg 1892-93. Bih. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl. 27(4;1): 1-29.
Walckenaer, C. A. 1842. Histoire naturelle des Insects. Aptères. Paris, 2: 1-549.
Walckenaer, C. A. 1837. Histoire naturelle des insectes. Aptères. Paris, 1: 1-682.
Wiehle, H. 1967. Steckengebliebene Emboli in den Vulven von Spinnen (Arach., Araneae). Senckenberg. biol. 48: 197-202.
Wiehle, H. 1960. Der Embolus des männlichen Spinnentasters. Verhandl. Deutsch. zool. Gesells. Bonn/Rhein 1960: 457-480.
Zumpt, F. 1968. Latrodectism in South Africa. S. Afr. med. J. 42: 385-390.
‡Nomenclature and taxonomic references from the World Spider Catalog
Latest Literature from uBio: 