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Pardosa groenlandica (Thorell, 1872)

	FAMILY: LYCOSIDAE Sundevall, 1833     Genus: Pardosa C. L. Koch, 1847         Species: Pardosa groenlandica (Thorell, 1872)
	Author: Pinzon, Jaime Page views: 898 Write a Review: Visitor Comments: (1)

Family Common Name:  wolf spiders
Genus Common Name:  thinlegged wolf spiders
Species Common Name:  none

Global Distribution: USA, Canada, Alaska, Greenland
Nearctic States & Provinces: (from the Nearctic Spider Database)   AB BC ON CO MT UT WY
Collection Locales Mapped by Year Collected: (from the Nearctic Spider Database)

Specimen Search Specimen list 34, 64

Feeding Guild:^† ground runners
^†Feeding guild when noted defined by Uetz, G. W., J. Halaj, and A. B. Cady. 1999. Guild structure of spiders in major crops. Journal of Arachnology 27:270-280. PDF
Recorded Habitats: This is a common ground-dwelling species (Hackman, 1954; Aitchison-Benell & Dondale, 1990), found mostly in open areas (roadsides, fields, bare rocks, etc.) or near water, in beaches (Dondale, 1999), bogs, swamps.
Life & Natural History: Proportion of sexes are almost the same in July (Pickavance, 2001) in accordance to observed mating events in the same month (Dondale, 1999), though early mating can occur because egg sacs are reported from late May to mid September (Dondale & Redner, 1990). This species has been reported as biennial (Dondale & Redner, 1990; Dondale, 1999; Pickavance, 2001). Immatures overwinter and reach their penultimate instar during the following summer. They remain as subadults until the third summer (two immature cohorts present at the end of each year, one of subadult individuals and one of early instars), having a life cycle from hatching to maturity of 23 months (Dondale, 1999). However, it is suggested that some individuals could be triennial for those late hatching cocoons (Pickavance, 2001).

Seasonality of Specimen Records: (from the Nearctic Spider Database - Requires Flash plug-in - refresh this page if not visible)

Image(s) of Habitus:

Description: Carapace broad, narrow at eye area, dark brown to dark reddish (darker at eye region) with three to four light brown spots on each side. Dorsal mid line light brown, lighter and broader around thoracic groove. Mouthparts: Chelicerae long, hairy and dark brown, endites and labium dusky light brown. Sternum darker with an atero-median light patch narrowing to the center. Coxae light brown, lighter at the base, legs brown, lighter in apical segments and often with longitudinal light brown stains, especially on femora and tibia. Abdomen dark brown with a dorsal longitudinal anterior light patch; ventrally yellowish brown. Palp: Terminal apophysis elongated, curved and pointed apically, embolus long and curved, median apophysis small with two projections, anterior projection smaller and rounded, posterior projection longer and beak-like.

Male Dimensions: A = 4.25 mm  A+B = 8.7 mm  C = 3.31 mm

Image of External Male Genitalia: Credit: Pinzon, Jaime

Description: Similar in size and coloration pattern as in males but lighter, venter of abdomen lighter and light yellow anteriorly. Epigynum: Longer than wide, broader posteriorly (triangular shape), median septum prominent, narrow in its anterior portion, lateral plates arched on each side with two swellings. Posterior swelling broad, cavity sclerites with anterior margin convex, atrium longer than wide.

Female Dimensions: A = 4.3 mm  A+B = 9.42 mm  C = 3.41 mm

Image of Epigynum: Credit: Pinzon, Jaime

Lycosa groenlandica Thorell 1872 urn:lsid:ubio.org:namebank:2068524

Pardosa groenlandica Thorell 1872 urn:lsid:ubio.org:namebank:9737618

Lycosa iracunda Thorell 1877 urn:lsid:ubio.org:namebank:2068525

Pardosa greenlandica Emerton 1902 urn:lsid:ubio.org:namebank:2068527

Pardosa groenlandica Chamberlin 1908 urn:lsid:ubio.org:namebank:2068528

Lycosa groenlandica Jackson 1933 urn:lsid:ubio.org:namebank:2068530

Pardosa groenlandica Gertsch 1933 urn:lsid:ubio.org:namebank:2068529

Lycosa groenlandica Holm 1939 urn:lsid:ubio.org:namebank:2068531

Pardosa groenlandica Comstock 1940 urn:lsid:ubio.org:namebank:2068532

Pardosa groenlandica Braendegaard 1946 urn:lsid:ubio.org:namebank:2068533

Pardosa groenlandica Levi 1951 urn:lsid:ubio.org:namebank:2068534

Pardosa groenlandica Levi & Field 1954 urn:lsid:ubio.org:namebank:2068535

Pardosa groenlandica Kronestedt 1975 urn:lsid:ubio.org:namebank:2068537

Pardosa groenlandica Dondale & Redner 1990 urn:lsid:ubio.org:namebank:2068538

Pardosa groenlandica Dondale 1999 urn:lsid:ubio.org:namebank:9735505

Pardosa groenlandica Paquin & Dupérré 2003 urn:lsid:ubio.org:namebank:2011329

Pardosa groenlandica Vogel 2004 urn:lsid:ubio.org:namebank:9738320

Braendegaard, J. 1946. The spiders (Araneina) of East Greenland: A faunistic and zoogeographical investigation. Meddr Grønland 121(15): 1-128.

Buchar, J. 1971. Die Verwandtschaftsbeziehungen der Art Pardosa cincta (Kulczynski) (Araneae, Lycosidae). Acta Univ. Carol. Biol. 1970: 121-129.

Chamberlin, R. V. 1908. Revision of North American spiders of the family Lycosidae. Proc. Acad. nat. Sci. Philad. 60: 158-318.

Comstock, J. H. 1940. The spider book, revised and edited by W. J. Gertsch. Cornell Univ. Press, Ithaca, xi + 727 pp.

Dondale, C. D. 1999. Revision of the groenlandica subgroup of the genus Pardosa (Araneae, Lycosidae). J. Arachnol. 27: 435-448.

Dondale, C. D. & J. H. Redner. 1990. The insects and arachnids of Canada, Part 17. The wolf spiders, nurseryweb spiders, and lynx spiders of Canada and Alaska, Araneae: Lycosidae, Pisauridae, and Oxyopidae. Research Branch, Agriculture Canada, Publ. 1856: 1-383.

Emerton, J. H. 1902. The common spiders of the United States. Boston, pp. 1-225.

Emerton, J. H. 1894. Canadian spiders. Trans. Connect. Acad. Arts Sci. 9: 400-429.

Gertsch, W. J. 1933. New genera and species of North American spiders. Amer. Mus. Novit. 636: 1-28.

Holm, Å. 1939. Araneae. In Hale Carpenter, G. D., & Å. Holm, Insecta and Araneae collected in the Kangerdlugsuak Region of East Greenland by the British Expedition, 1935-36. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (11) 3: 72-80.

Jackson, A. R. 1933. Results of the Oxford University Expedition to Akpatok in 1931. Araneae. Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1933(1): 145-159.

Kronestedt, T. 1975. Studies on species of Holarctic Pardosa groups (Araneae, Lycosidae). I. Redescriptions of Pardosa albomaculata Emerton and description of two new species from North America, with comments on some taxonomic characters. Zoologica Scr. <

Levi, H. W. 1951. New and rare spiders from Wisconsin and adjacent states. Am. Mus. Novit. 1501: 1-41.

Levi, H. W. & H. M. Field. 1954. The spiders of Wisconsin. Am. Midl. Nat. 51: 440-467.

Paquin, P. & N. Dupérré. 2003. Guide d'identification des araignées de Québec. Fabreries, Suppl. 11 1-251.

Thorell, T. 1877. Descriptions of the Araneae collected in Colorado in 1875, by A. S. Packard jun., M.D. Bull. U. S. geol. Surv. 3: 477-529.

Thorell, T. 1872. Om några Arachnider från Grönland. Öfvers. Kongl. vet. Akad. Förh. 29: 147-166.

Vogel, B. R. 2004. A review of the spider genera Pardosa and Acantholycosa (Araneae, Lycosidae) of the 48 contiguous United States. J. Arachnol. 32: 55-108.

^‡Nomenclature and taxonomic references from the World Spider Catalog

Aitchison-Benell, C. W. & C. D. Dondale. 1990. A checklist of Manitoba spiders (Araneae) with notes on geographic relationships. Naturaliste can. 117: 215-237.

Dondale, C. D. 1999. Revision of the groenlandica subgroup of the genus Pardosa (Araneae, Lycosidae). J. Arachnol. 27: 435-448.

Dondale, C. D. & J. H. Redner. 1990. The insects and arachnids of Canada, Part 17. The wolf spiders, nurseryweb spiders, and lynx spiders of Canada and Alaska, Araneae: Lycosidae, Pisauridae, and Oxyopidae. Research Branch, Agriculture Canada, Publ. 1856: 1-383.

Hackman, W. 1954. The spiders of Newfoundland. Acta zool. fenn. 79: 1-99.

Pickavance, R. 2001. Life-cycles of four species of Pardosa (Araneae, Lycosidae) from the island of Newfoundland, Canada. Journal of Arachnology 29: 367-377.

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