Zygiella x-notata (Clerck, 1757)
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FAMILY: ARANEIDAE Simon, 1895 Genus: Zygiella F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1902 Species: Zygiella x-notata (Clerck, 1757)  |
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Common Names
Family Common Name:
orbweavers
Genus Common Name:
none
Species Common Name:
none
Point Collections & Seasonality
Global Distribution: Holarctic, Neotropical
Nearctic States & Provinces: 
BC CA MA OR WA
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Seasonality
Specimen Search
Specimen list |
, 32
Natural History & Image(s)
Feeding Guild:† orb weavers
†Feeding guild when noted defined by Uetz, G. W., J. Halaj, and A. B. Cady. 1999. Guild structure of spiders in major crops. Journal of Arachnology 27:270-280. PDF
Habitat (published): (not yet published or unknown)
Habitat (<30 randomly chosen specimens): suburban garden; On outhouse; Hidden in upper corner, sunny exposed locale; Cliff on beach; Web on sign; Small webs in basement; On building;
Life & Natural History: (not yet recorded or unknown)
Image(s) of Habitus:
Details About Males
Description: (not yet recorded or unknown)
| Male Dimensions: (Dimensions not yet available) |
Image of External Male Genitalia: email an image |
Details About Females
Description: (not yet recorded or unknown)
| Female Dimensions: (Dimensions not yet available) |
Image of Epigynum: email an image |
Synonyms and Chresonyms‡
Taxonomic References‡
Agnarsson, I. 1996. Íslenskar köngulaer. Fjölrit Nàttùrufraedistofnunar 31: 1-175.
Almquist, S. 2005. Swedish Araneae, part 1: families Atypidae to Hahniidae (Linyphiidae excluded). Insect Syst. Ecol., Suppl. 62: 1-284.
Banks, N. 1896. New Californian spiders. Jour. New York ent. Soc. 4: 88-91.
Becker, L. 1896. Les arachnides de Belgique. Ann. Mus. Roy. Hist. nat. Belg. 12: 1-3788.
Bellmann, H. 1997. Kosmos-Atlas Spinnentiere Europas. Frankh-Kosmos Verlag, Stuttgart, 304 pp.
Blackwall, J. 1864. A history of the spiders of Great Britain and Ireland. London, Ray Society, 2: 175-384.
Blackwall, J. 1844. Descriptions of some newly discovered species of Araneida. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 13: 179-188.
Bösenberg, W. 1901. Die Spinnen Deutschlands. I. Zoologica (Stuttgart) 14(1): 1-96.
Cambridge, F. O. P.-. 1892. New and obscure British spiders. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (6) 10: 384-397.
Chamberlin, R. V. 1925. Diagnoses of new American Arachnida. Bull. Mus. comp. Zool. Harvard 67: 209-248.
Chrysanthus, P. 1949. Paringsbiologie bij spinnen. In In het Voetspoor van Thijsse. Wageningen, H. Veenman, pp. 349-359.
Chyzer, C. & W. Kulczynski. 1891. Araneae Hungariae. Budapest, 1: 1-170.
Clerck, C. 1757. Svenska spindlar, uti sina hufvud-slågter indelte samt under några och sextio särskildte arter beskrefne och med illuminerade figurer uplyste. Stockholmiae, 154 pp.
Comstock, J. H. 1940. The spider book, revised and edited by W. J. Gertsch. Cornell Univ. Press, Ithaca, xi + 727 pp.
Dondale, C. D., J. H. Redner, P. Paquin & H. W. Levi. 2003. The insects and arachnids of Canada. Part 23. The orb-weaving spiders of Canada and Alaska (Araneae: Uloboridae, Tetragnathidae, Araneidae, Theridiosomatidae). NRC Research Press, Ottawa, 371 pp.
Drensky, P. 1943. Die Spinnenfauna Bulgariens. VI. Unterordnung Arachnomorphae, II Gruppe Trionichia, Familie Euetrioidae. Bull. Inst. r. Hist. Nat. Sofia 16: 219-254.
Emerton, J. H. 1902. The common spiders of the United States. Boston, pp. 1-225.
Emerton, J. H. 1884. New England spiders of the family Epeiridae. Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts Sci. 6: 295-342.
Franganillo B., P. 1913. Arácnidos de Asturias y Galicia. Broteria 11: 119-133.
Gertsch, W. J. 1964. The spider genus Zygiella in North America (Araneae, Argiopidae). Am. Mus. Novit. 2188: 1-21. 
Hansen, H., J. 1882. Spindeldyr. In Schiödte, J. C. (ed.), Zoologia Danica. Kjöbenhavn, 3: 1-81, I-V.
Heimer, S. & W. Nentwig. 1991. Spinnen Mitteleuropas: Ein Bestimmungsbuch. Verlag Paul Parey, Berlin, 543 pp.
Hormiga, G., W. G. Eberhard & J. A. Coddington. 1995. Web-construction behaviour in Australian Phonognatha and the phylogeny of nephiline and tetragnathid spiders (Araneae: Tetragnathidae). Aust. J. Zool. 43: 313-364.
Kaston, B. J. 1948. Spiders of Connecticut. Bull. Conn. St. geol. nat. Hist. Surv. 70: 1-874.
Keyserling, E. 1893. Die Spinnen Amerikas. Epeiridae. Nürnberg, 4: 209-377.
Keyserling, E. 1878. Spinnen aus Uruguay und einigen anderen Gegenden Amerikas. Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien 27: 571-624.
Koch, C. L. 1839. Die Arachniden. Nürnberg, Funfter Band, pp. 125-158, Sechster Band, pp. 1-156, Siebenter Band, pp. 1-106.
Lessert, R. de. 1910. Catalogue des invertebres de la Suisse. Fasc. 3, Araignées. Musée d'histoire naturelle de Genève, pp. 1-635.
Levi, H. W. 2002. Keys to the genera of araneid orbweavers (Araneae, Araneidae) of the Americas. J. Arachnol. 30: 527-562. 
Levi, H. W. 2001. The orbweavers of the genera Molinaranea and Nicolepeira, a new species of Parawixia, and comments on orb weavers of temperate South America (Araneae: Araneidae). Bull. Mus. comp. Zool. Harv. 155: 445-475.
Levi, H. W. 1980. The orb-weaver genus Mecynogea, the subfamily Metinae and the genera Pachygnatha, Glenognatha and Azilia of the subfamily Tetragnathinae north of Mexico (Araneae: Araneidae). Bull. Mus. comp. Zool. Harv. 149: 1-7
Levi, H. W. 1974. The orb-weaver genus Zygiella (Araneae: Araneidae). Bull. Mus. comp. Zool. Harv. 146: 267-290.
Locket, G. H. & A. F. Millidge. 1953. British spiders. Ray Society, London, 2: 1-449.
Loksa, I. 1972. Araneae II. Fauna Hungariae 109: 1-112.
Mackie, D. W. 1967. How to begin the study of spiders. Countryside (n.s.) 20: 438-443.
McCook, H. C. 1894. American spiders and their spinningwork. Philadelphia, 3: 1-285.
Mello-Leitao, C. F. de. 1951. Arañas de Maullin, colectadas por el ingeniero Rafael Barros V. Revta chil. Hist. nat. 51-53: 327-338.
Méndez, M. 1998. Sobre algunos Araneidae y Tetragnathidae (Araneae) del Parque Nacional de la Montaña de Covadonga (NO España). Boln. Asoc. esp. Ent. 22: 139-148.
Menge, A. 1866. Preussische Spinnen. Erste Abtheilung. Schrift. naturf. Ges. Danzig (N.F.) 1: 1-152
Miller, F. 1971. Pavouci-Araneida. Klíc zvíreny CSSR 4: 51-306.
Ohlert, E. 1867. Die Araneiden oder echten Spinnen der Provinz Preussen. Leipzig, pp. 1-172.
Olivier G., A. 1789. Araignée, Aranea. Encycl. méth. Hist. nat. Ins. Paris 4: 173-240.
Petrunkevitch, A. 1911. A synonymic index-catalogue of spiders of North, Central and South America with all adjacent islands, Greeland, Bermuda, West Indies, Terra del Fuego, Galapagos, etc. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 29: 1-791.
Roberts, M. J. 1998. Spinnengids. Tirion, Baarn, Netherlands, 397 pp.
Roberts, M. J. 1995. Collins Field Guide: Spiders of Britain & Northern Europe. HarperCollins, London, 383 pp.
Roberts, M. J. 1985. The spiders of Great Britain and Ireland, Volume 1: Atypidae to Theridiosomatidae. Harley Books, Colchester, England.
Roewer, C. F. 1942. Katalog der Araneae von 1758 bis 1940. Bremen, 1: 1-1040.
Simon, E. 1929. Les arachnides de France. Synopsis générale et catalogue des espèces françaises de l'ordre des Araneae; 3e partie. Paris, 6: 533-772.
Song, D. X., M. S. Zhu & J. Chen. 1999. The Spiders of China. Hebei Sci. Technol. Publ. House, Shijiazhuang, 640 pp.
Sundevall, J. C. 1833. Svenska spindlarnes beskrifning. Fortsättning och slut. Kongl. Svenska Vet. Ak. Handl. 1832: 172-272.
Tanikawa, A. 2004. The first record of Xygiella x-notata (Araneae: Araneidae) from Japan. Acta arachn. Tokyo 53: 61-62.
Thorell, T. 1856. Recensio critica aranearum suecicarum quas descripserunt Clerckius, Linnaeus, de Geerus. N. Act. reg. Soc. sci. Upsal. (3) 2(1): 61-176.
Tyschchenko, V. P. 1971. Opredelitel' paukov evropejskoj casti SSSR. Leningrad, pp. 1-281.
Walckenaer, C. A. 1802. Faune parisienne. Insectes. ou Histoire abrégée des insectes de environs de Paris. Paris 2: 187-250.
Wiehle, H. 1931. Spinnentiere oder Arachnoidea. Araneidae. In Die Tierwelt Deutschlands. Jena, 27: 1-136
‡Nomenclature and taxonomic references from the World Spider Catalog
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